Methods Polynucleotide phosphorylase Poly(U) homopolymer Uracil nucleotides DA homopolymer-In this case, polylu) MRNA- was added to a test tube containing a cell-free translation system, 1 radicactively labeled amino acid, and 19 unlabeled amino acids. 2 The tube was Translation Incubated at took place. 37°C. Precipitate protein The protein was fitered, and the filter was checked for radioactivity. Free amino. acids Protein- Suction The procedure was repeated in 20 tubes, with each tube containing a different labeled amino acid. Results 1111111 Pro Lys Arg His Туг Ser Thr Asn Gln Cys Prhe Asp Glu Trp Gly Ala Val Ile Leu Met 6 The tube in which the protein was radioactively labeked contained newly synthesized protein with the amino acid speoified by the homopolymer. In this case, UUU specified the amino add phenylalanine.
Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
For the experiment outlined in Figure 15.8, could Nirenberg and Matthaei have substituted RNA polymerase instead of polynucleotide phosphorylase without otherwise modifying the experiment? Why or why not?
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