# Using Le Chatelier's Principle to Predict the Result of Changing Conditions in a Reaction## Reaction DetailsMethane and water react to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide, as shown in the chemical equation:\[ \text{CH}_4(g) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(g) \rightarrow 3\text{H}_2(g) + \text{CO}(g) \]The reaction is endothermic. Suppose a mixture of CH₄, H₂O, H₂, and CO has reached equilibrium in a closed reaction vessel. This exercise is to predict how certain changes will affect the composition of the mixture and the direction of equilibrium.## Table of Perturbations| Perturbation | Change in Composition | Shift in Equilibrium ||-----------------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------------|| **The temperature is raised.** | The pressure of CO will: | ○ to the right || | [ **?** ] | ○ to the left || | | ○ (none) || **The temperature is lowered.** | The pressure of CH₄ will: | ○ to the right || | [go up, go down, not change] | ○ to the left || | | ○ (none) |### Dropdown Options Explanation:- **Change in Composition Drop-down:** For the change in pressure of CO when the temperature is raised, a dropdown is provided with options to choose how it will be affected: "go up," "go down," or "not change." - **Shift in Equilibrium Choices:** For each perturbation, there are radio button options to select whether the equilibrium shifts to the right, shifts to the left, or remains unchanged.### Concepts:- **Endothermic Reaction:** An increase in temperature generally favors the endothermic direction (right shift for this reaction).- **Le Chatelier's Principle:** States that if an external change is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system adjusts to partially offset the effect of the change. In this case, temperature changes will affect the reaction direction.In this exercise, you must select the correct outcomes based on the principles of chemical equilibrium.

Given,The reaction:CH4 (g) + H2O (g) 3 H2 (g) + CO (g) ( endothermic reaction )…

Methane and water react to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide, like this: CH₂(g) + H₂O(g) → 3H₂(g) + CO(g) The reaction is endothermic. Suppose a mixture of CH4, H₂O, H₂ and CO has come to equilibrium in a closed reaction vessel. Predict what change, if any, the perturbations in the table below will cause in the composition of the mixture in the vessel. Also decide whether the equilibrium shifts to the right or left. perturbation change in composition The temperature is raised. The pressure of CO will ? The temperature is lowered. The pressure of CH4 will? go up. go down. not change. shift in equilibrium O to the right to the left O (none) to the right to the left O (none) X

Methane and water react to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide, like this: CH₂(g) + H₂O(g) → 3H₂(g) + CO(g) The reaction is endothermic. Suppose a mixture of CH4, H₂O, H₂ and CO has come to equilibrium in a closed reaction vessel. Predict what change, if any, the perturbations in the table below will cause in the composition of the mixture in the vessel. Also decide whether the equilibrium shifts to the right or left. perturbation change in composition The temperature is raised. The pressure of CO will ? The temperature is lowered. The pressure of CH4 will? go up. go down. not change. shift in equilibrium O to the right to the left O (none) to the right to the left O (none) X

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Ammonia and oxygen react to form nitrogen and water, like this: 4NH, (g)+30, (g) → 2N,(g)+6H,0(g) Suppose a mixture of NH2, O,, N, and H,0 has come to equilibrium in a closed reaction vessel. Predict what change, if any, the perturbations in the table below will cause in the composition of the mixture in the vessel. Also decide whether the equilibrium shifts to the right or left. ol perturbation change in composition shift in equilibrium A to the right The pressure of O, will to the left Some NH, is removed. The pressure of N2 will O (none) to the right The pressure of NH3 will to the left Some N, is added. The pressure of O, will ? O (none)
Sulfur dioxide and oxygen react to form sulfur trioxide, like this: 2S0, (g)+O,(g) → 2s0,(g) 2SO3 Suppose a mixture of SO,, O, and SO, has come to equilibrium in a closed reaction vessel. Predict what change, if any, the 2' 3. perturbations in the table below will cause in the composition of the mixture in the vessel. Also decide whether the equilibrium shifts to the right or left. perturbation change in composition shift in equilibrium to the right The pressure of SO, will v ? to the left Some SO, is added. go up. go down. not change. The pressure of O, will O (none) to the right Some o, is removed. The pressure of SO, will ? to the left The pressure of SO3 will ? O (none)
Consider a reaction of the general form A B, which has an equilibrium constant (K) of 1.09 at 300 K. You may assume that this reaction can be approximated by a two-level system with an energy difference of Aɛ = ɛ1 - ɛ0 = 3.25 kJ/mol. Determine the ratio of the degeneracies of the product and reactant molecules. 2. Predict the equilibrium constant (K) of the above reaction at 600 K.
Predict the change in the preturbations table below. Also decide whether the equilibrium shifts to the right or left.
Methane and water react to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide, like this: CH4(g) + H₂O(g) → 3 H₂(g) + CO(g) The reaction is endothermic. Suppose a mixture of CH4, H₂O, H₂ and CO has come to equilibrium in a closed reaction vessel. Predict what change, if perturbations in the table below will cause in the composition of the mixture in the vessel. Also decide whether the equilibrium shifts to the right or left. any, the perturbation change in composition The temperature is raised. The pressure of CH4 will The temperature is lowered. The pressure of H₂ will ? ? ↑ î shift in equilibrium O X to the right to the left (none) to the right to the left (none) Ś
Nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia, like this: N,(g)+3H,(8) - 2NH3 (g) Suppose a mixture of N,, H, and NH, has come to equilibrium in a closed reaction vessel. Predict what change, if any, the perturbations in the table below will cause in the composition of the mixture in the vessel. Also decide whether the equilibrium shifts to the right or left. perturbation change in composition shift in equilibrium O to the right The pressure of N, will O to the left Some NH; is removed. ? The pressure of H, will O (none) go up. go down. not change. O to the right The pressure of N, will ? Some H, is added. O to the left The pressure of NH; will O (none)
6
For the following reaction: NH4Cl(s) ↔ NH3(g) + HCl(g) ΔH = +42.1 kilocalories Suppose the substances in the reaction above are at equilibrium at 600K in volume V and at pressure P. State whether the partial pressure of NH3(g) will have increased, decreased, or remained the same when equilibrium is reestablished after each of the following disturbances of the original system. Some solid NH4Cl remains in the flask at all times. Justify each answer with a one-or-two sentence explanation. (e) A quantity of gaseous NH3 is added. The answer for e states that the partial pressure of NH3 is increase, which is a bit confusing. The explanation is that some of the the added NH3 reacts with HCl to relieve stress but only part of NH3 reacts. Can you explain how and where this is implied in the reaction or question. Would appreciate a lot of clarification
Hydrogen chloride and oxygen react to form water and chlorine, like this: 4HC1(g)+O,(g) → 2H,0(g)+2Cl,(g) Suppose a mixture of HCI, 0,, H,0 and Cl, has come to equilibrium in a closed reaction vessel. Predict what change, if any, the perturbations in the table 2' below will cause in the composition of the mixture in the vessel. Also decide whether the equilibrium shifts to the right or left. perturbation change in composition shift in equilibrium to the right The pressure of O2 will ? to the left Some HCI is removed. The pressure of H20 will ? O (none) to the right The pressure of HCl will to the left Some Cl, is added. The pressure of O2 will ? O (none)