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Match the letter in the diagram with the accumulation or localization of active (or about to be active) protein in a given cellular context, which is wild-type unless specified.

Match the letter in the diagram with the accumulation or localization of active (or about to be active) protein in a given cellular context, which is wild-type unless specified.

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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**Diagram Explanation for Cellular Protein Localization** This image represents a cellular diagram highlighting the accumulation or localization of active proteins within a cell's context. Please see below for a detailed explanation of different sections labeled as A, B, C, and D. 1. **Section A: Ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)** - This part depicts ribosomes attached to the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, indicating sites of protein synthesis. Newly synthesized proteins are shown as small circles, moving from the ribosomes into the lumen of the ER. 2. **Section B: Golgi Apparatus** - Proteins from the ER are transported in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus (labeled B). This section shows a stack of cisternae where proteins undergo modifications. Arrows indicate the movement of proteins through the cisternae for processing and sorting. 3. **Section C: Transport Vesicles** - Labeled C, this section shows transport vesicles budding off from the Golgi apparatus. Proteins are packaged into these vesicles for delivery to various cell destinations. The diagram includes arrows pointing toward a cell membrane or other cellular compartments. 4. **Section D: Exocytosis or Secretory Pathways** - Section D indicates the fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane or a specific target membrane, releasing proteins outside the cell or towards a destined location within the cell. Arrows point outwards, signifying the direction of protein export or transport. Overall, the diagram illustrates the flow of proteins from synthesis to modification and final distribution within a cell, following the secretory pathway typical in eukaryotic cells.
Transcribed Image Text:**Diagram Explanation for Cellular Protein Localization** This image represents a cellular diagram highlighting the accumulation or localization of active proteins within a cell's context. Please see below for a detailed explanation of different sections labeled as A, B, C, and D. 1. **Section A: Ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)** - This part depicts ribosomes attached to the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, indicating sites of protein synthesis. Newly synthesized proteins are shown as small circles, moving from the ribosomes into the lumen of the ER. 2. **Section B: Golgi Apparatus** - Proteins from the ER are transported in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus (labeled B). This section shows a stack of cisternae where proteins undergo modifications. Arrows indicate the movement of proteins through the cisternae for processing and sorting. 3. **Section C: Transport Vesicles** - Labeled C, this section shows transport vesicles budding off from the Golgi apparatus. Proteins are packaged into these vesicles for delivery to various cell destinations. The diagram includes arrows pointing toward a cell membrane or other cellular compartments. 4. **Section D: Exocytosis or Secretory Pathways** - Section D indicates the fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane or a specific target membrane, releasing proteins outside the cell or towards a destined location within the cell. Arrows point outwards, signifying the direction of protein export or transport. Overall, the diagram illustrates the flow of proteins from synthesis to modification and final distribution within a cell, following the secretory pathway typical in eukaryotic cells.
The image depicts a cellular structure focusing on the Golgi apparatus and its associated vesicular transport processes. ### Diagram Description: - **Structure**: The central figure represents the Golgi apparatus with its characteristic stacked and curved membranes. - **Shapes and Symbols**: - Curved lines and loops on either side represent vesicles either budding off or fusing with the Golgi membranes. - Circular shapes and arrows indicate vesicular transport directions. - **Labeled Sections**: - **A**: Represents regions with ARF GEF activity, which facilitates vesicle formation. - **B**: Indicated by ‘B’, shows areas of COPI-coated vesicles involved in retrograde transport. - **C**: cis-Golgi t-SNAREs, responsible for target membrane recognition and docking of vesicles. - **D**: Zones where mannose 6-phosphate receptors are not bound to their ligand, indicating a stage of the transport process. ### Key Components: 1. **ARF GEF**: A guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates ARF proteins, essential for vesicle formation. 2. **COPI**: Coat protein complex I, instrumental in moving vesicles back to the endoplasmic reticulum or earlier Golgi cisternae. 3. **cis-Golgi t-SNARE**: A protein complex on the cis side of the Golgi, crucial for the fusion of transport vesicles. 4. **Mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptor**: Involved in targeting enzymes to lysosomes; presence unbound to ligand suggests a stage before vesicle sorting or budding. This diagram is useful for understanding the complex dynamics of cellular transport and the specific roles of proteins and receptors in the Golgi apparatus.
Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts a cellular structure focusing on the Golgi apparatus and its associated vesicular transport processes. ### Diagram Description: - **Structure**: The central figure represents the Golgi apparatus with its characteristic stacked and curved membranes. - **Shapes and Symbols**: - Curved lines and loops on either side represent vesicles either budding off or fusing with the Golgi membranes. - Circular shapes and arrows indicate vesicular transport directions. - **Labeled Sections**: - **A**: Represents regions with ARF GEF activity, which facilitates vesicle formation. - **B**: Indicated by ‘B’, shows areas of COPI-coated vesicles involved in retrograde transport. - **C**: cis-Golgi t-SNAREs, responsible for target membrane recognition and docking of vesicles. - **D**: Zones where mannose 6-phosphate receptors are not bound to their ligand, indicating a stage of the transport process. ### Key Components: 1. **ARF GEF**: A guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates ARF proteins, essential for vesicle formation. 2. **COPI**: Coat protein complex I, instrumental in moving vesicles back to the endoplasmic reticulum or earlier Golgi cisternae. 3. **cis-Golgi t-SNARE**: A protein complex on the cis side of the Golgi, crucial for the fusion of transport vesicles. 4. **Mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptor**: Involved in targeting enzymes to lysosomes; presence unbound to ligand suggests a stage before vesicle sorting or budding. This diagram is useful for understanding the complex dynamics of cellular transport and the specific roles of proteins and receptors in the Golgi apparatus.
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