Just obeying the laws. Why do isolated F1F1 subunits of ATP synthase de catalyze ATP hydrolysis?
Q: Unique explaination. LisT Factors that influence enzymatic activity.
A: Enzymes are biocatalysts that help the process go more quickly. They are proteins that function by…
Q: What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be…
A: ATP synthase catalyzes the synthesis of ATP by generating proton motive force. It contains the Fo-F1…
Q: Tracing glucose. Glucose labeled with 14 C at C-6 is added to a solution containing the enzymes and…
A: The oxidative phase of PPP involves the conversion of Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to Ribose…
Q: (a) ribose 5-phosphate from glucose 6- phosphate without the concomitant generation of NADPH? (b)…
A: Stoichiometry involves the relationships between the reactants and/or products in the chemical…
Q: Less energetic electrons. Why are electrons carried by FADH2FADH2 not as energy rich as those…
A: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a cofactor central to metabolism. It is found in all living…
Q: NH, N. NH NH NH2 Benzamidine and Leupeptin are competitive trypsin inhibitors. They are shown in…
A: Competitive inhibitors have a chemical structure similar to that of the substrate of the enzyme.…
Q: The Krebs cycle is considered to be an anabolic pathway because some of the reactions are
A: Krebs cycle: Krebs cycle also know as TCA cycle or citric acid cycle is an important part of aerobic…
Q: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Glutamate dehydrogenase requires which of the following…
A: Glutamate dehydrogenase is a hexameric enzyme that converts the amino acid glutamate into keto acid…
Q: In the reaction Na + Cl à Na+ + Cl-, which component is said to become ‘oxidized’ and which is…
A: In this question, we have to define oxidation and reduction in NaCl
Q: The Cori Cycle. Before vigorous exercise (at rest) the level of blood lactate is at its normal level…
A: Exercises and physical activity increase the energy demand and the metabolic rate of the body.…
Q: Think of an unusual eukaryotic species in which its ATP synthase has 12 subunits for its c ring. How…
A: ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine…
Q: No free lunch. Explain why maintaining a high concentration of CO2 CO2 in the bundle-sheath cells of…
A: The main carbon fixation enzyme in plants is RuBISCO (Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase).…
Q: True or False. Does oligomycin block Fo component of ATP synthase?
A: Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is the energy form of living cells that are utilized to perform…
Q: High potential. What is the equilibrium ratio of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate under standard…
A: Gibbs free energy at standard condition indicates- The concentration of reactant and product is 1M,…
Q: Fo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of…
A: First calculate the proton concentrations inside and outside the membrane. pHinside=8 -log[H+]inside…
Q: mentation - During the process of glycolysis, some hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose in the…
A: Glycolysis is the biochemical process, in which glucose is oxidised to pyruvic acid without the…
Q: Describe the steps by which the F0 portion of the ATP synthase harnesses the proton-motive force to…
A: ATP synthase is a enzyme or protein to produce ATP. The ATP synthase is fixed in the cell membrane…
Q: Instructions. Given each set of information which may include common name(s) and the reaction…
A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that aid in the speeding up of chemical reactions. Proteins called…
Q: B-oxidation deals with only saturated fatty acids, but many fatty acids in natural lipids are…
A: Beta oxidation is a metabolic process in which the two carbon atoms are sequentially removed from…
Q: ATP accounting. Consider 1 molecule of the sucrose (monomeric units: glucose and fructose) that…
A: Sucrose is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose , and fructose…
Q: ATP yield. Each of the following molecules is processed by glycolysis to lactate. How much ATP is…
A: The glycolysis process is known to occur both aerobic and anaerobically. In the absence of oxygen,…
Q: Reductive power. What ratio of NADPH to NADP+ is required to sustain [GSH] = 10 mM and [GSSG] = 1 mM…
A: Within a cell, reactive oxygen species are produced as a byproduct of oxygen metabolism and the cell…
Q: ess energetic electrons. Why are electrons carried by FADH 2 not as energy rich as those carried by…
A: Introduction Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration. It occurs both in aerobic and…
Q: Pernicious anemia. Purine biosynthesis is impaired by vitamin B12 B12 deficiency. Why? How might…
A: Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia. This is a condition in which the blood has a lower than…
Q: Long explanations are NOT NEEDED. Answer only d and e. ATP accounting. Consider 1 molecule of the…
A: Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose units attached together via a glycosidic…
Q: Atp bookkeeping. Explain where the number of 38 and 32 atp per glucose molecules comes from
A: Glucose oxidation is the process of breaking down of glucose completely through the process…
Q: IOCHEMISTRY. Could glycerol be used to regenerate the OAA for maintenance of TCA cycle activity? Yes…
A: No, glycerol cannot be used to regenerate the OAA for maintenance of TCA cycle activity
Q: raw TCA Cycle. Please make sure to state all the enzymes and co-factors for each step of the…
A: In glycolysis, a 6-carbon molecule of glucose-6-phosphate is broken down into 3-carbon pyruvate. It…
Q: 70 gram lactose working under aerobic conditions. First calculate the total amount of energy units…
A: Lactose is the diasaccharide and it is converted to monosaccharide by the enzyme lactase into…
Q: Exergonic reactions such as the breakdown of ATP, are said to be “spontaneous.” However, by…
A: Introduction: Exergonic implies the release of energy from the system. since they possess the…
Q: They are everywhere. What energetic barrier prevents glycolysis from simply running in reverse…
A: The reverse of glycolysis is highly endergonic under cellular conditions. The act of expending of…
Q: Respiratory paralysis. Tabun and sarin have been used as chemical-warfare agents, and parathion has…
A: Biological warfare, often known as germ warfare, is the intentional deployment of biological toxins…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Less energetic electrons. Why are electrons carried by FADH2FADH2 not as energy rich as those carried by NADH? What is the consequence of this difference?Fo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of protons through the rotary FoF1 ATP synthase . The enzyme has 3 alpha-beta and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains change in membrane potential=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. . What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio if the enzyme had only 9 ‘c’ subunits? full revolution of the crank (gamma subunit) produces 3 ATP.Less energetic electrons. Why are electrons carried by FADH 2 not as energy rich as those carried by NADH? What is the consequence of this difference?
- Fo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of protons through the rotary FoF1 ATP synthase (lecture 22). The enzyme has 3 a-b and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains Df=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. How much energy is available (from the proton electrochemical gradient) for ATP synthesis under these conditions (in kJ/mol)? What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio if the enzyme had only 9 ‘c’ subunits? Remember that full revolution of the crank (gamma subunit) produces 3 ATP.Reductive power. What ratio of NADPH to NADP+ is required to sustain [GSH] = 10 mM and [GSSG] = 1 mM ? Use the redox potentials given in Table 18.1 .Atp bookkeeping. Explain where the number of 38 and 32 atp per glucose molecules comes from
- Tracing glucose. Glucose labeled with 14 C at C-6 is added to a solution containing the enzymes and cofactors of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. What is the fate of the radioactive label?generation of one less FADH2 molecule. Part C B-oxidation dealls with only saturated fatty acids, but many fatty acids in natural lipids are unsaturated, meaning they contain one or more double bonds. Considering the fatty acid below, calculate the energy yield of its complete oxidation. OH Express your answer using three significant figures. ▸ View Available Hint(s) ΑΣΦ + 0 ? Submit ATPLong explanations are NOT NEEDED. Answer only d and e. ATP accounting. Consider 1 molecule of the sucrose (monomeric units: glucose and fructose) that will undergo complete oxidation. -Number of pyruvate molecules after glycolysis is 4.-Net ATP produced in glycolysis only (via substrate-level phosphorylation) is 2.-Number of NADH produced using the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction is 1. Now find:d. Number of NADH and FADH2 produced from Krebs cycle.e. Net ATP produced (complete oxidation via Malate aspartate shuttle).
- Breakdown rxn of GIUCOSE. What is the Cleland diagram for the reaction glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3 diphosphoglycerate? Based this on the following steps: a. Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate binds to the enzyme,E b. NAD binds to the enzyme E then is reduced to NADH c. NADH leaves the enzyme d. Phosphate binds to the enzyme and attacks the glycerate phosphate attached to the enzyme e. 1,3-disphosphoglycerate leaves the enzyme as the final procutBIOCHEMISTRY. Could glycerol be used to regenerate the OAA for maintenance of TCA cycle activity? Yes or No? Explain.True or False. Does oligomycin block Fo component of ATP synthase?