It is often useful for scientists to study a population of cells that are all at the same stage of the cell cycle. For example, the discovery of cyclins and Cdks was enabled by studying frog eggs that divided synchronously after fertilization; extracts from the embryos were thus representative of the cell-cycle stage at which the extract was made. Researchers have devised means to synchronize asynchronous populations of cultured cells. For example, serum starvation deprives cells of mitogens and blocks cells in the Go/G₁ phase of the cell cycle. Another method involves gently shaking culture flasks and harvesting the cells that release from the substratum. In what stage of the cell cycle are these cells most likely to be? 4 Choose one: • Sphase G2 phase M phase G1 phase

It is often useful for scientists to study a population of cells that are all at the same stage of the cell cycle. For example, the discovery of cyclins and Cdks was enabled by studying frog eggs that divided synchronously after fertilization; extracts from the embryos were thus representative of the cell-cycle stage at which the extract was made. Researchers have devised means to synchronize asynchronous populations of cultured cells. For example, serum starvation deprives cells of mitogens and blocks cells in the Go/G₁ phase of the cell cycle. Another method involves gently shaking culture flasks and harvesting the cells that release from the substratum. In what stage of the cell cycle are these cells most likely to be? 4 Choose one: • Sphase G2 phase M phase G1 phase

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter28: Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, And Repair

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19P: Figure 28.11 depicts the eukaryotic cell cycle. Many cell types â€œexitâ€� the cell cycle and...

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Assume that you are growing mammalian cells in culture. You are able to synchronize the culture, meaning all of the cells undergo each stage of the cell cycle at the same time. The graph shows themamount of DNA in the nuclei of cells during cycle 1 and cycle 2 of cell growth II III IV First eycle Second evcle Amount of DNA in nucleus
Biologists have long been interested in the effects of radiation on cells. In one experiment, researchers examined the effect of radium on mitosis of chick embryo cells growing in culture. A population of experimental cells was examined under the microscope for the number of cells in telophase (as a measure of mitosis occurring) before, during, and after exposure to radium. The results are shown in the Figure. What is the effect of radium exposure on mitosis? Source: R. G. Canti and M. Donaldson. 1926. The effect of radium on mitosis in vitro. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 100:413419.
Describe the similarities and differences between the cytokinesis mechanisms found in animal cells versus those in plant cells.
Figure 28.11 depicts the eukaryotic cell cycle. Many cell types â€œexitâ€� the cell cycle and donâ€™t divide for prolonged periods, a state termedG0; some, for example neurons, never divide again. a. In what stage of the cell cycle do you suppose a cell might be when it exits the cell cycle and enters G0? b. The cell cycle is controlled by checkpoints, cyclins, and CDKs. Describe how biochemical events involving cyclins and CDKs might control passage of a dividing cell through the cell cycle.
Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle? a. G 1 phase b. S phase c. prophase d. prometaphase
What will be the outcome if anaphase proceeded even thoughthe sister chromatids were not properly attached to theirrespective microtubules and lined up at the metaphaseplate?
In the mitosis experiment, in what stage were most of the onion root tip cells in? Based on what you know about cell cycle division, what does this imply about the life span of a cell? Were there any stages of the cell cycle that you did not observe? How can you explain this using evidence from the cell cycle?
If plant cells had the following % of their cells in these stages of mitotic cell division and % of cells reflects how much time they spend in each stage: Interphase=74.9% Prophase=17.3% Metaphase=3.3% Anaphase=D1.8% Telophase=D2.7% and Animals had the following %s: Interphase3D62.5% Prophase-D31.5% Metaphase=3.3% Anaphase=D2.0% Telophase%3D0.7%. Which of the following can we NOT conclude? O A. Both plants and animal cells spend most of their time in interphase, doubling all of the organelles and DNA requires a lot of time. OB.Animal cells spend more of their time in mitosis (dividing the nucleus) than plant cells do. O C. Plant cells spend more time in interphase and telophase than animal cells and animal cells spend more time in prophase, and anaphase than plant cells. OD. Plant cells divide more quickly than animal cells.
Which of the following statements best describes the process of phase separation in cells? Proteins can assemble as liquid droplets that are not bounded by a membrane in either the cytoplasm or nucleus A protein can separate into different organelles dependent on the phase of the cell cycle Proteins that are assembled in one phase of the cell cycle and degraded in the next are said to undergo phase separation Signal sequences can target proteins assembled in the cytoplasm into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
A section of elodea leaf is stained and examined under a microscope. The total number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle is as follows: Interphase- 150 Prophase- 20 Prometaphase- 11 Metaphase- 6 Anaphase- 5 Telophase- 1 If the complete cell cycle in an elodea leaf is 24 hrs. What is the average duration of metaphase in the cycle. Assume no cells are in G0.
When considering the stages of the cell cycle, which stage is best associated with cells that do not divide, such as nerve cells? G1 phase M phase O None - all cells divide S phase G2 phase GO phase Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does brine prevent contamination by microorganisms? Bacteria can't survive in hypotonic solutions because of the added pressure of the water they take in causing them to burst. O Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose too much water and die. O The high salt concentration increases the pH of the environment, making it unfavorable for bacteria to live there. The high salt concentration creates an isotonic environment that the bacteria cannot live in. Bacteria cells are unable to digest the salt, thus killing the cells by starvation.
A student examines a thin section of an onion-root tip and records the number of cells that are in each stage of the cell cycle. She observes 94 cells in interphase, 14 cells in prophase, 3 cells in prometaphase, 3 cells in metaphase, 5 cells in anaphase, and 1 cell in telophase. If the complete cell cycle in an onion-root tip requires 22 hours, what is the average duration of each stage in the cycle? Assume that all cells are in the active cell cycle (not G0).