Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Chapter2: Chemistry Of Life
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 3CT
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Question
Is it appropriate to call a baby that is conceived in the lab test test tube baby? justify your answer.

Transcribed Image Text:Ag 0-CEN
Silver cyanate
H
+ H-N-H Ci
H
Ammonium chloride
Heat
H₂N
Urea
NH₂
+ Ag* Cl
Figure 2.3 Synthesis of urea. https://www.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/IGOC/V/vitalism.html#
Silver chloride
a living organism or some part of a living organism, such as a kidney. The theory was disproved
in 1828 by Friedrich Wohler because he was able to synthesize urea from inorganic matter. "He
showed that heating silver cyanate (an inorganic compound) with ammonium chloride (another
inorganic compound produced urea (Figure 2.3), without the aid of a living organism or part of
a living organism." Urea is an organic molecule and also a waste product of animal metabolism.
Many science historians believed that this in vitro synthesis of urea by Wöhler served as the
starting point of Biochemistry. By the way, do you know what in vitro means? It means a process
is done or taking place in a test tube, culture dish, any glassware or elsewhere outside a living
organism. For example, I hope you are familiar with the term in vitro fertilization or IVF. This
literally means "fertilization in glass." That is, a child born by in vitro fertilization is inaccurately
known as a "test tube baby" because it is hard to manipulate the activity in a test tube but rather
the
cell is placed with an unfertilized egg in a Peri dish for them to proceed to fertilization
sperm
to form the embryo, and the next is history (if it becomes successful, of course
course).

Transcribed Image Text:DURING THE 19TH CENTURY
On the early 19th Century, we were introduced into a common belief of Vitalism, that is,
the world is made of either "living matter" OR "non-living matter". Vitalists claimed that it was
the existence of a "vital force"
force or
(life
spirit) that distinguished the living organic world
from the nonliving inorganic world. That is, the compounds found in living organisms (i.e.,
organic molecules can only be produced by living organisms and could not be produced in the
laboratory. It is a theory which means that an organic molecule cannot be produced from
inorganic molecules, but instead it can only be produced from a living organism or some part of a
living organism. However, it is now an outdated scientific doctrine. The theory was disproved in
the early part of the 19th century. Moreover, Vitalism suggested that an organic molecule such as
urea cannot be synthesized solely from inorganic sources. It was believed that synthesis of urea
required
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