Income statement data for Winthrop Company for two recent years ended December 31, are as follows: Current Year Previous Year Sales $541,800 $430,000 Cost of goods sold 458,800 370,000 Gross profit $83,000 $60,000 Selling expenses $24,360 $21,000 Administrative expenses 21,080 17,000 Total operating expenses $45,440 $38,000 Income before income tax $37,560 $22,000 Income tax expenses 15,000 8,800 Net income $22,560 $13,200 a. Prepare a comparative income statement with horizontal analysis, indicating the increase (decrease) for the current year when compared with the previous year. If required, round to one decimal place. Winthrop Company Comparative Income Statement For the Years Ended December 31 Current Previous Increase Increase year Amount (Decrease) (Decrease) Percent year Amount Amount Sales $541,800 $430,000 $ % Cost of goods sold 458,800 370,000 % Gross profit $83,000 $60,000 $ Selling expenses $24,360 $21,000 $ Administrative expenses 21,080 17,000 Total operating expenses $45,440 $38,000 % Income before income tax $37,560 $22,000 $ Income tax expense 15,000 8,800 % Net income $22,560 $13,200 b. The net income for Winthrop Company increased between years. This increase was the combined result of an rate than the increase in sales, thus causing the percentage increase in gross profit to be in sales and percentage in cost of goods sold. The cost of goods sold increased at a than the percentage increase in sales.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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