What is type checking in programming languages? The process of verifying that the operands of an operation are of compatible types. ○ A way to optimize the execution of a program. ○ Ensuring that all variables are declared before use. Checking if the program will terminate correctly. In operational semantics, what does the notation e → e' represent? OA small step where expression e reduces to expression e'. ○ The execution of a full program. The final output of the program. A rule that type-checks an expression.
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- EXERCISE C++ CODING Based on the image attached, build a complete problem analysis table that displays all of the Inputs, Processes and Outputs.Describe a situation when a history-sensitive variable in a subprogram isuseful Consider the following JavaScript program:var x, y, z;function sub1() { var a, y, z; function sub2() { var a, b, z; . . . } . . .}function sub3() { var a, x, w; . . .}Please list all the variables, along with the program units where they are declared, that are visiblein the bodies of sub1, sub2, and sub3, assuming static scoping is used.Subprograms in all languages that support them are a form of control flow. True False
- A benefit of evaluating expressions without having to describe language activities is that it is possible to evaluate expressions.The semantics of a call to a “simple” subprogram requires the following actions: A. Save the execution status of the current program unit. B. Compute and pass the parameters. C. Pass the return address to the called. D. Transfer control to the called. E. All of the aboveWhy do modern programming languages need to support both value and reference passing? When deciding between these two alternatives, why is it so difficult to choose only one? Your solution should address both the positives of having both and the drawbacks of having either alone.
- The Classic Triangle Testing Problem, (Myer's Triangle): A program reads three integer values. The three values are interpreted as representing the lengths of the sides of a triangle. The program prints a message that states whether the triangle is scalene, isosceles, or equilateral. Develop a set of test cases (at least 6 ) that you feel will adequately test this program. (This is a classic testing problem and you could find numerous explanations about it on the internet. I would recommend that you try to submit your own answer, based on your understanding of the topic)1. A Python subprogram is defined below with three formal parameters: a, b, and c. a. Identify the actual parameters and keyword parameters in the code below. b. myFunc() is called in SEVEN different ways. Identify the valid and invalid subprogram calls. c. If some of them are invalid, explain why they are invalid subprogram calls. d. Identify which of the SEVEN subprograms have pass-by-value parameters, pass-by-keyword parameters, and mixed-mode parameters. e. Report if your favorite programming language (Java or C++) supports keyword parameters. f. What are the pros and cons of using keyword parameters? def myFunc (a, b, c): d=a+2*b+c print ("Values of a, b, c are:', a, b, c) print ("Value of d is:', d) x=3 y = 4 z = 9 . . . . myFunc (y, z, x) myFunc (1,2,3) myFunc (c= 1, b=2, a =3) myFunc (a= 2, b= 2, 3) myFunc (1,4, a =3) myFunc (1, 4, c =3) myFunc (a=y, c=z, b = x)How does operator precedence affect the order of evaluation in mathematical expressions? Provide examples to illustrate this concept.
- INTRODUCTION: In chemistry, neutralization occurs when an acid and a base react with each other. Most chemistry occurs in water (that is, is aqueous); under these circumstances, neutralization leads to water with no excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions present. Neutralization can most simply be expressed as acid + base → salt + water For example, HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O The stoichiometry of the reaction depends on how much hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion each reactant provides. In this case, each molecule of HCl provides one hydrogen ion, and each molecule of NaOH provides one hydroxide ion. The one hydrogen and one hydroxide ion combine to form one molecule of water. For this assignment, suppose that you have been presented with several solutions of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and some of the most popular bases for wastewater treatment: magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium oxide (CaO), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and ammonia…Structured programming is a problem-solving strategy and a methodology that includes two guidelines: the flow of control in a program should be as simple as possible, and the construction of a program should embody top-down design. The top-down design, also referred to as stepwise refinement, consists of repeatedly decomposing a problem into smaller problems. Eventually, one has a collection of small problems or tasks, each of which can be easily coded. The function construct in C is used to write code that solves the small problems that results from this decomposition. These functions are combined into other functions and ultimately used in main(..) to solve the original problem. The function mechanism is provided in C to perform distinct programming tasks. Some functions, such as printf(..) and scanf(..), are provided by the system; some others can be written by the programmer. Write a C program that includes the definitions of the following functions: a) is_lower(..) : is it a…The assignment operator (=) and the equivalence operator (==) are interchangeable, but they will perform either the function of assignment or equivalence depending on the context in which they are used. O True O False