In human DNA, 70% of cytosine residues that are followed by guanine (so-called CpG dinucleotides, where p indicates the phosphate in the phosphodiester bond between these two nucleotides) are methylated to form 5-methylcytosine. As shown in the following figure, if 5-methylcytosine should undergo spontaneous deamination, it becomes thymine. Deamination 5-methylcytosine Thymine Methylated CpG dinucleotides are hotspots for point mutations in human DNA. Can you propose a hypothesis that explains why?

Q: 36. How many different amino acids would be found in a polypeptide made from translation of an RNA…

A: The transcription is the process in which the mRNA copied information from DNA for protein…

Q: The melting temperature Tm of DNA can be predicted by calculation without actually measuring it.…

A: It is the temperature at which half of the DNA has been converted to single-stranded DNA. The…

Q: A) Using this rule, determine the percentages of all the bases in DNA that is 20% thymine. [A] = [C]…

A: According to Chargaff's rule the percentage of Adenine [A] is equal to Thymine [T]. So if the given…

Q: Cells normally repair the lesion O-methylguanine (0°-meG) by directly transferring the methyl group…

A: Solution:This image presents a question about DNA repair, specifically the repair of…

Q: What is the role of his119 in the RNase-catalyzed hydrolysis of RNA, as indicated in the Figure…

A: Enzyme are proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. The substrate binds to active site of the…

Q: 5-Bromouridine is known to induce mutations in DNA. One of the characteristics of this compound is…

A: 5-Bromouridine is a uridine subordinate with a Bromo substituent at the fifth carbon. Br -Urd is…

Q: What two basepair changes can occur when G tautomerizes to the enol form? Recall that the…

A: Introduction: Spontaneous mutations result from numerous sources such as errors during DNA…

Q: Examination of the structure of DNA polymerases bound to nucleotide analogs reveals that conserved…

A: DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of DNA molecules from…

Q: Why are the activated nucleotides in nucleic acid polymerization reactions 5’-triphosphates?

A: According to the question, we have to explain the reason for the activated nucleotides in nucleic…

Q: Within living cells, many different proteins play importantfunctional roles by binding to DNA. Some…

A: Within the living cells, various proteins play an important role in function by binding to the DNA.…

Q: DNA helicases are involved in diverse cellular processes. List four examples of DNA helicases that…

A: DNA helicase enzyme This is the enzyme that is involved in the unwinding of the double helix…

Q: Write a balanced equation for the hydrolytic deamination of a DNA- 5-methylcytosine residue.

A: Deamination is the process of breaking down amino acids in which amino group is converted into…

Q: What is the net charge of the peptide at pH 7 that is synthesized from this DNA sequence? 5'…

A: As we know that the DNA sequence exhibits codons, which helps in the formation of mRNA, and then…

Q: 4. 5-methylcytosine results from which of the following eve

A: DNA methylation is a process in which the methyl group (CH3) is added to the nitrogenous base.…

Q: Of the four DNA bases, why is guanine most likely to be modified after exposure to polycyclic…

A: DNA is made up of four bases-adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The pKa of adenine and…

Q: The enzyme thiouridylase converts certain tRNA uridine residues to 2-thiouridine. Draw the structure…

A: Enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of any chemical reaction without being used…

Q: 1. You order two primers from a company that synthesizes oligonucleotides. The primers have the…

A: Primers are short stretches of nucleotides that are used to initiate the synthesis of nucleic acids.…

Q: In Figure 1-8b, can you tell if the number of hydrogenbonds between adenine and thymine is the same…

A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid ) the building blocks of DNA are the Nucleotides Nucleotides are made up…

Q: Some RNA molecules are covalently modifi ed by methylation at the N6 position in adenosine residues.…

A: Methylation of DNA is a process of covalent modification, in which at the adenosine nitrogenous…

Q: Why is it unfavorable for RNA molecules to adopt a double-helix structure similar to B-DNA?

A: Introduction : Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are probably the most…

Q: a) It is known    that    double    stranded    DNA    is    denatured    at    low    pH.     pKa…

A: When a DNA solution is heated enough, the double-stranded DNA unwinds and the hydrogen bonds that…

Q: Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin, which has 81 amino acids. How many heterocyclic bases must…

A: Insulin is synthesized from preproinsulin. The preprotein is then cleaved by a proteolytic enzyme to…

Q: Given the structures of the ribonucleotides as (shown in Image A) and deoxyribonucleotides (as shown…

A: Explain;- The polyribonucleotide UAGCCUG consists of six nucleotides, each of which contains a…