In 1992, the U.S. Public Health Service and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that all women of childbearing age consume 400mg of folic acid daily to reduce the risk of having a pregnancy that is affected by a neural tube defect such as spina bifida or anencephaly. In a study by Stepanuk et al. (A-3), 693 pregnant women called a teratology information service about their use of folic acid supplementation. The researchers wished to determine if preconceptional use of folic acid and race are independent. The data appear in Table below:   Total Preconceptional Use of Folic Acid   Race No Yes 559 299 260 White 56 41 15 Black 21 14 7 Other 636 354 282 Total   Test the hypothesis that there is no association between the usage of folic acid and race with 5% significant level and using SPSS (Choose only 4 correct answers from the following statements):   1. The null and alternative hypothesis are: H0: The two variables are dependent. H1: The two variables are independent   2. The null and alternative hypothesis are: H0: The two variables are not associated. H1: The two variables are associated   3. The null and alternative hypothesis are: H0: The two variables are related. H1: The two variables are not related   4. The null and alternative hypothesis are: H0: The two variables have relationship. H1: The two variables have no relationship   5. The test statistic = 9.481   6. The test statistic = 6.766   7. The test statistic = 9.091   8. The test statistic = 5.990   9. The p-value = 0.001   10. The p-value = 0.011   11. The p-value = 0.010   12. The p-value = 0.009   13. The conclusion is: There is strong relationship between folic acid usage and race   14. The conclusion is: There is no association between folic acid usage and race   15. The conclusion is: There is association between folic acid usage and race   16. The conclusion is: There is no strong relationship between folic acid usage and race

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In 1992, the U.S. Public Health Service and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that all women of childbearing age consume 400mg of folic acid daily to reduce the risk of having a pregnancy that is affected by a neural tube defect such as spina bifida or anencephaly. In a study by Stepanuk et al. (A-3), 693 pregnant women called a teratology information service about their use of folic acid supplementation. The researchers wished to determine if preconceptional use of folic acid and race are independent. The data appear in Table below:

 

Total

Preconceptional Use of Folic Acid

 

Race

No Yes
559 299 260 White
56 41 15 Black
21 14 7 Other
636 354 282 Total

 

Test the hypothesis that there is no association between the usage of folic acid and race with 5% significant level and using SPSS (Choose only 4 correct answers from the following statements):

  1.

The null and alternative hypothesis are:

H0: The two variables are dependent.

H1: The two variables are independent

  2.

The null and alternative hypothesis are:

H0: The two variables are not associated.

H1: The two variables are associated

  3.

The null and alternative hypothesis are:

H0: The two variables are related.

H1: The two variables are not related

  4.

The null and alternative hypothesis are:

H0: The two variables have relationship.

H1: The two variables have no relationship

  5. The test statistic = 9.481
  6. The test statistic = 6.766
  7. The test statistic = 9.091
  8. The test statistic = 5.990
  9. The p-value = 0.001
  10. The p-value = 0.011
  11. The p-value = 0.010
  12. The p-value = 0.009
  13. The conclusion is: There is strong relationship between folic acid usage and race
  14. The conclusion is: There is no association between folic acid usage and race
  15. The conclusion is: There is association between folic acid usage and race
  16. The conclusion is: There is no strong relationship between folic acid usage and race 
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