The size of the left upper chamber of the heart is one measure of cardiovascular health. When the upper left chamber is enlarged, the risk of heart problems is increased. The paper “Left Atrial Size Increases with Body Mass Index in Children” (International Journal of Cardiology [2009]:1-7) described a study in which the left atrial size was measured for a large number of children age 5 to 15 years. Based on this data, the authors concluded that for healthy children, left atrial diameter was approximately normally distributed with a mean of 26.4 mm and a standard deviation of 4.2 mm.Approximately what proportion of healthy children has left atrial diameters less than 24 mm?Approximately what proportion of healthy children has left atrial diameters greater than 32 mm?Approximately what proportion of healthy children has left atrial diameters between 25 and 30 mm?For healthy children, what is the value for which only about 20% have a larger left atrial diameter?

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Description: The size of the left upper chamber of the heart is one measure of cardiovascular health. When the upper left chamber is enlarged, the risk of heart problems is increased. The paper “Left Atrial Size Increases with Body Mass Index in Children” (Intern

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The size of the left upper chamber of the heart is one measure of cardiovascular health. When the upper left chamber is enlarged, the risk of heart problems is increased. The paper “Left Atrial Size Increases with Body Mass Index in Children” (International Journal of Cardiology [2009]:1-7) described a study in which the left atrial size was measured for a large number of children age 5 to 15 years. Based on this data, the authors concluded that for healthy children, left atrial diameter was approximately normally distributed with a mean of 26.4 mm and a standard deviation of 4.2 mm.
1. Approximately what proportion of healthy children has left atrial diameters less than 24 mm?
2. Approximately what proportion of healthy children has left atrial diameters greater than 32 mm?
3. Approximately what proportion of healthy children has left atrial diameters between 25 and 30 mm?
4. For healthy children, what is the value for which only about 20% have a larger left atrial diameter?

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

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