Imagine that you have the DNA sequences fromthe intron of a gene in three species called A, B,and C. Species A and B are most closely related,while C is more distantly related. The sequencesof A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differby 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 basepairs. Fossils show that species A and B divergedabout 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence asto when the most recent common ancestor ofall three species lived. Use the genetic data toestimate that date. What assumptions are youmaking to get this estimate?

Q: In the example below, the letters represent amino acids that make up a polypeptide found in all the…

A: A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

Q: The tree below shows the relationship between 4 species. The fossil calibration point is 13 million…

A: To estimate the time since the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of species B and D, we can use the…

Q: PLEASE HELPPP

A:

Q: You have found fossils of a new species of ape that walks upright. After 11 additional years in the…

A: The whole branch of biology which deals with  establishing the relationship between two species is…

Q: Spirochaetes are free-living, anaerobic bacteria that contain spiral-shaped cells. Nematodes are…

A: Spirochetes These are gram negative bacteria with spiral shape, belonging to the the phylum…

Q: researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons…

A: Genes are the hereditary structures on DNA responsible for encoding a particular function/ trait.…

Q: a researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight…

A: The question includes comparing the sequences of the same gene from two diverse species that had a…

Q: Turties Amphibians (Frogs, Salamanders Lobe-finned fishes (Lungfishes) Ray-finned fishes (Gars,…

A: A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or ‘tree’ showing the evolutionary…

Q: Let's say a 10 nucleotide DNA sequence differs by 5 nucleotides between 2 species  and fossil data…

A: The substitution rate equation is a formula used to calculate the rate of substitution per site per…

Q: e seven primary Linnaean categories are: O Genus, Species, Group, Kingdom, Animal, Tribe, and Fam O…

A: 6. Linnaeus’ hierarchical systems are categorized into seven groups: These are Kingdom, Phylum,…

Q: The HOX Genes in the acoelomorph Includes only one family of HOX genes are not present because they…

A: Hi. Since you posted more than one question, we will be answering the first one for you. If you want…

Q: When comparing the coding regions of a protein-encoding gene among closely related species, certain…

A: Genetic variation refers to the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population.…

Q: A review of the phylogenetic tree shows a common ancestor for these vertebrates. Which statement…

A: Phylogenetic tree of vertebrates showing common ancestor.

Q: If the distance between A and D and their last common ancestor (LCA) is 4 and the distance between B…

A: UPGMA is unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean.

Q: If phylogenetics is not a factor here, we have phlogeny is the key factor, then we only have…

A: In phylogenetic studies, the most suitable method to visually represent the evolutionary…

Q: Rates of evolution appear to vary in different lin-eages. For example, the rate of evolution in the…

A: Different species have different rates of evolutionary change. This is based on many factors. Thre…

Q: Based on the most parsimonious tree above, which character independently evolved in more than one…

A: Phylogenetic trees are a tool to represent the evolutionary relationship. The idea is based on the…

Q: Knowledge of the genomes of ancient homininsmight help us better understand not only the…

A: Human evolution is the evolutionary process of human beings specially anatomical and genetic…

Q: Just as anatomical homology can lead to vestigial structuressuch as human wisdom teeth and the wings…

A: Darwin is one of the scientist that proposed the process that every new species is coming from…

Q: The scientists took DNA codes from which animal to complete the DNA strands to recreate the…

A: The DNA is the genetic material of different organisms. It is present within the nucleus of the cell…

Q: Suppose species 1, 2, and 3 are endemic to a group of islands (such as the Galápagos) and are all…

A: In biology, it's imperative to know how distinctive species are related to each other so we will…

Q: Sympatric speciation by allotetraploidy has been proposed as acommon mechanism for speciation. Let’s…

A: The process of formation of new species from old species during evolution is termed speciation.…

Q: For the Xenites, consider what appear to be homologies and analogies. Figure out the order of…

A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…

Q: Recall from our classes on molecular evolution that some proteins evolve more rapidly than others.…

A: The option is shown below.

Q: Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)).  Species A and C…

A: Mutations are alternations in the genetic material of an organism. They can occur either naturally…

Q: Two species of palm trees differ by 50 bp in a 5000-bpstretch of DNA that is thought to be neutral.…

A: Divergence means to get separated or going away. In genetics, it is the phenomenon in which a gene…

Q: In the phylogenetic tree below, character 3 is a: 44+B 1 5 3 C O Ancestral trait O Uniquely derived…

A: Introduction :- Phylogenetic trees represent hypotheses regarding a set of organisms' evolutionary…

Q: Your text here What is in common between all species? Your text here How does this support the…

A: Molecular evidences for evolution includes mainly the sequence of DNA and proteins.

Q: f humans evolved from apes, why are there apes until today?

A: Evolution is the process of changing the heritable characters of populations of organisms over…

Q: Is it the case that a phylogeny based on a single gene sequence is usually the same as a phylogeny…

A: Phylogenetic analysis is a modern technique to find out evolutionary relationships and genetic…

Q: In studying a species of fish, a structure is discovered that has no apparent function. If this is a…

A: Vestigial structures are anatomical structures of organisms in a species which over a period of time…

Q: Full or partial limblessness has evolved many times invertebrates (snakes, lizards, manatees,…

A: Evolution is the process of change over time, typically involving gradual changes that lead to new…

Q: Species A was recently discovered and its DNA sequence was compared to the DNA of the four…

A: DNA sequencing is the way toward deciding the nucleic acid arrangement – the request for nucleotides…

Q: You become interested in monarch butterfly conservation and begin investigating milkweeds (genus…

A: The initial stage in the construction of a phylogenetic tree involves the meticulous analysis of DNA…

Q: When constructing this phylogenetic tree, several different options were possible. The tree with the…

A: Evolution is a continuous process and we are still evolving. Evolution is nothing but adapting to…

Q: The Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) is an individual who donated DNA to every single living…

A: Introduction Human evolution:- It is the lengthy process of change by which people originated from…

Q: Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)).  Species A and C…

A: Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationships of a group of organisms, often depicted in…

Q: . DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to thesequences of corresponding genes in…

A: Chimpanzees are genetically similar to humans and share around 98%  of the same DNA as compared to…

Q: (Present) Таxon E Taxon B Taxon C Таxon D Taxon A lineage or clade rapomorhy TIME lineage or clade…

A: A cladogram is an evolutionary tree that represents the ancestral relationship between organisms.…

Q: How do modern evolutionists view the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny? Explain how the…

A: Heterochrony is the evolutionary change in the timing or rate of development events to the ancestor…

Q: DNA-sequencing studies for a gene in two closely relatedspecies produce the following numbers of…

A: SNP is the single nucleotide polymorphism, is the genetic variation of one nucleotide in the genome…

Q: Snakes evolved from ancestors who had the ability to walk. Some snakes, in fact, still have small…

A: The evolution is defined as the change in trait of a species over a period of time.

Q: This organism is an animal. What can you infer about its bodystructure and lifestyle (that might not…

A: The analysis on the basis of the development pattern is as follows:

Q: Considering the evolution of species, could a gene that is conserved from yeast to humans have…

A: Evolution is the process of change in the heritable traits of biological populations through…

Evolutionary adaptations

Evolutionary adaptation is the process through which organisms adapt or adjust to their surroundings to increase the chances of survival, mating, and reproduction. An organism's behavior, physiology, and structure are adjusted or changed to make it more suited to its environment.