If Sar1 is inserted into the ER membrane: O It is bound to GDP and recruits COPII coat proteins O It is not bound to any nucleotide O It is bound to GTP and recruits cargo O It is bound to GTP and recruits COPII coat proteins O It is bound to GTP and recruits clathrin coat proteins
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Sar1 is a small GTPase that plays a key role in the formation of COPII vesicles, which transport proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus.
Sar1 is bound to the ER membrane by a transmembrane domain at its C-terminus. When Sar1 is bound to GDP, it is inactive. However, when Sar1 binds to GTP, it becomes active and recruits COPII coat proteins to the ER membrane. The COPII coat proteins then help to assemble COPII vesicles.
Once the COPII vesicle is assembled, Sar1 hydrolyzes GTP to GDP and becomes inactive again. This allows the COPII vesicle to detach from the ER membrane and be transported to the Golgi apparatus.
Sar1 is an essential protein for cell survival. Mutations in the Sar1 gene can lead to a variety of diseases, including congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) and familial hypercholesterolemia.
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