If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPs per mole through the citric acid cycle, how many ATPs will be derived from the complete metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of alanine in a mammal? Would the corresponding energy yield in a fish be higher or lower? Why? How much energy would be derived from the metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of isoleucine to CO2, H2O, and NH3? Of tyrosine?

Q: How many reduced molecules (NADH, FADH2, NADPH) will be generated by converting linoleic acid…

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons.…

Q: The reaction catalyzed by G6P dehydrogenase has a large negative ΔG. Given a solution containing…

A: In order to produce 6-phosphogluconolactone from a solution that is rich in fructose 6-phosphate…

Q: The acetyl group shuttle transfers the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA, produced by oxidative…

A: Acetyl CoA is produced in mitochondria and cannot leave mitochondria so it combines with…

Q: Under standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic…

A: The oxidation of ubiquinol is a critical step in the electron transport chain (ETC), which is…

Q: How many protons are shuttled from the matrix to the intermembrane space by the products of the…

A: Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 retains most of the free energy produced during the process glucose…

Q: A) Consider what would happen if you added any of the citric acid cycle intermediiates: would the…

A: There are several catabolic pathways in the citric acid cycle. Most of these reactions add…

Q: If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPS per mole through the citric acid cycle, how many ATPS will…

A: Amino acids catabolism can either be done to produce urea by removal of α-amino groups or to form…

Q: acetyl CoA

A: Acetyl CoA is a central metabolite that plays important roles in energy production as well as…

Q: How many reduced molecules (NADH, FADH2, NADPH) will be generated by converting lineoleic acid…

A: The fats are stored in eukaryotes as triglycerides that are broken down using the enzyme Lipase to…

Q: '. If oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPS per mole through the cit- ric acid cycle, how many ATPS…

A: Acetyl-CoA is generated either by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate from glycolysis, which…

Q: The radiolabel shown on the image in glycogen is used for conversion to ribose 5-phosphate while…

A: Glycogen is a polysaccharide and the storage form of carbohydrates in animals. It is a homopolymer…

Q: What reaction(s) of the citric acid cycle involve the addition of H20 as OH¨ to the substrate?…

A: Citric acid cycle, also known as tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial…

Q: What steps would a cell take to oxidize into carbon dioxide the four carbons of malate? List the…

A: 1 Malate molecule can get completely oxidized to yields 4 CO2 molecules. Malate getting completely…

Q: addition to L-lactate, which of the following molecules is (are) generated by fermentation of…

A: Fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, leading to the conversion…

Q: Which of the following is the sixth step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Succinate is oxidized…

A: The Citric Acid Cycle, also known as the Krebs Cycle is a series of enzymatic reactions that occur…

Q: Per molecule of pyruvate, how many molecules of CO2 are produced during acetyl-CoA formation and the…

A: Pyruvate,  a three carbon molecule is converted to acetyl CoA which is a two carbon molecule…

Q: Write out the balanced chemical equation for the oxidation of C16:cis-9 to acetyl-CoA, including…

A: The oxidation of 16- carbon fatty acid into acetyl-CoA. In one go through the oxidation sequence of…

Q: The oxidation of pyruvate produces carbon dioxide and water while liberating energy at a rate of…

A: Pyruvate is oxidized through the link reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase and the TCA…

Q: What enzymes from the citric acid cycle that are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH?  What…

A: TCA cycle: - In this cycle, the activated acetate derived from pyruvate undergoes stepwise oxidation…

Q: What is the overall net reaction for the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex? What enzyme(s) in the…

A: Cellular respiration in the aerobic organisms occurs through three process such as glycolysis,…

Q: What is the purpose of carnitine acyltransferase II? O formation of a fatty acyl-CoA molecule in the…

A: Transferases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a functional group, such as a…

Q: Determine the ATP production of glucose catabolism by glycolysis and Krebs Cycle using the following…

A: The glycolysis is the process of degradation of glucose molecule by various enzymes for the…

Q: upon digestion of starch maltose, one of its degradation products is further hydrolyzed into its…

A: When the process of cellular respiration takes place, then there is the production of three…

Q: Which of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle?

A: The Citric Acid Cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a…

Q: Describe how a) Mean Arterial Pressure, b) Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and c) Blood Flow are…

A: The human body is complex and it requires the coordinated action of many systems. The circulatory…

Q: Consider the reaction shown, which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to the…

A: The catalytic conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase is…

Q: if each NADH generates 3 ATP molecules and each FADH2 generates 2 ATP molecules, calculate the…

A: The objective of this question is to calculate the total number of ATP molecules generated from one…

Q: How does each of the following regulate citric acid cycle? (a) High levels of Succinyl-CoA (b) High…

A: The citric acid cycle involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA into CO2 and H2O. During this process,…

Q: Taking into consideration glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle,…

A: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate or DHCP is involved in metabolic pathways…

Q: The functioning of a particular pathway often depends not only on control enzymes in that pathway…

A: The regular activities of a cell are carried out by biochemical processes. According to cell needs…

Q: Some cofactors that participate in the reactions of the citric acid cycle are indicated by letters.…

A: Kreb cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle. This cycles occurs in the matrix of…

Q: Fatty acid oxidation for energy yield occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and for palmitate as one…

A: Ketone bodies are an alternative fuel source that replace glucose as the main fuel under conditions…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.