How might a frame shift mutation in the lacy region influence the phenotype of this bacteria when glucose is abundant in the cell? • How would a missense mutation in lacl alter the amount of B-Galactosidase present in the cell? ● If wild type E. coli were exposed to a growth medium containing glucose, lactose and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, what would happen to the lac operon? Repressor gene lacl Regulatory region Promoter-Operator B-Galactosidase gene P O lacz Structural genes Permease gene lac Operon lacy Transacetylase gene lacA

How might a frame shift mutation in the lacy region influence the phenotype of this bacteria when glucose is abundant in the cell? • How would a missense mutation in lacl alter the amount of B-Galactosidase present in the cell? ● If wild type E. coli were exposed to a growth medium containing glucose, lactose and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, what would happen to the lac operon? Repressor gene lacl Regulatory region Promoter-Operator B-Galactosidase gene P O lacz Structural genes Permease gene lac Operon lacy Transacetylase gene lacA

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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B Ix Paragraph Styles Dictate Sensitivit As a graduate student, Prof. Rolfes studied the E. coli regulatory protein PurR. 6. PurR regulates several small operons and single genes whose encoded proteins are involved in the biosynthesis of the purine nucleotides A and G. PurR binds to an operator (0) in the RURGMN operon to regulate its transcription. purG is a structural gene that encodes an enzyme, glutamine PRPP amidotransferase (GPAT), and its enzyme activity can be measured. The expression of purG is repressed when cells are grown in media with guanine, and that repression requires PurR (see first two lines in the table below). Predict the GPAT activity in the following strains. R refers to pwrR: O to purQ; G to purG; the + means functional and the- means non-functional. a. GPAT activity Strain Genotype R+ Q+ G+ Growth with guanine Low activity High activity Growth without guanine High activity High activity R-O+ G+ R+ O+G R+ 0-G+ R-0+ G+/F R+ R+ 0-G+/F' O+ G+ No activity No…
plz explain with thorough explanation
Q1. Bioluminescence is emitted by the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri in response to the concentration of a chemical signal. The luxCDABEG genes form part of an operon that encodes all of the structural components necessary for light production. At high cell density, the concentration of the inducer increases and can bind to LuxR protein which then activates transcription of the operon. What kind of operon is the Lux operon? [Positive Inducible, Positive Repressible, Negative Inducible, Negative Repressible?] Q2. A population of bacteria has a Lux operon that produces bioluminesence via an autoinducer that activates a transcription factor. You grow a flask of cells that have a loss-of-function mutation in the gene that encodes the enzyme that produces an autoinducer. What is the predicted bioluminesence in this population at high and low density?
Select all the examples of mutations that are likely to have a global effect on gene expressio
2. Assume you have identified a new operon in bacteria (which you call the suc operon) that encodes enzymes required for catabolism of the sugar sucrose. The structural genes that are required to breakdown sucrose are transcribed from a promoter (Psuc). One of these enzymes is encoded by the sucS gene. Expression of the operon is controlled by a regulator, called SucR, which binds to an operator (0). Using your knowledge of the lac operon, interpret the results of the following experiments (Table 1) to propose a model describing how the sucrose operon might be regulated. Cell genotype Production of SucS enzyme Without sucrose With sucrose R* o* p* s* R O* p* s* R* O P* s* ++ -- -- -- --- -- RO* p* s* / R* o* p* s R° O* p* s ++ -- ++ ++ Table 1. Production of SucS enzyme in various strains. "-" in the cell genotype indicates a loss of function mutation, "+" indicates wild type function, two genotypes separated by a/ indicate a merodiploid or partial diploid. R° is a mutant version of…
Metabolic control is crucial part of survival for all bacteria. The lactose operon is located on the bacteria chromosome and assists in maintaining homeostasis. (l) Describe how an operon regulates the expression of genes. (m) Feedback plays an important part in life helping to maintain homeostasis. Explain how both negative and positive feedback help maintain homeostasis
Please describe the regulatory role of enhancers that binds to responsible regulators to activate the target gene at a given time and place through comparing different organisms according to the presence of regulatory sequences. regulatory promoter sequence bacteria FIGURE 19-1 The regulatory ele- ments of bacterial, yeast, and human genes. Illustrated is the increasing complex- ity of regulatory sequences from a simple bacterial gene controlled by a repressor to a human gene controlled by multiple activa- tors and repressors. In each case, a promoter is shown at the site where transcription is initiated. Although this is accurate for the bacterial case, in the eukaryotic examples, transcription initiates somewhat down- stream from where the transcription ma- chine binds (see Chapter 13). Some groups of regulatory binding sites in the human reg- ulatory sequences represent enhancers, as shown in one case. yeast human enhancer
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When does the lac operon allow its gene to be read? * Owhen tryptophan is present when lactose is not present Owhen lactose is present O when tryptophan is not present
Operator | Choose [Choose) A set of genes transcribed together under the regulatory control of a singe promoter A regulatory protein that binds to an region of non-coding DNAgene that suppresses transcriptionby blocking RNA polmer A segment of DNA where the repressor binds to, therety preventing the transcription of certain genes An operon that isalways "off" - turned on by environmental cues an operon that isalways "on"- turned off by environmental cues TChoose Operon Repressor Repressible Operon [ Choose nducible operon [Choose |
2. Assume you have identified a new operon in bacteria (which you call the suc operon) that encodes enzymes required for catabolism of the sugar sucrose. The structural genes that are required to breakdown sucrose are transcribed from a promoter (Psuc). One of these enzymes is encoded by the sucS gene. Expression of the operon is controlled by a regulator, called SucR, which binds to an operator (O). Using your knowledge of the lac operon, interpret the results of the following experiments (Table 1) to propose a model describing how the sucrose operon might be regulated. Cell genotype Production of SucS enzyme Without sucrose With sucrose R* O* P* s* R O* p* s* ++ R* O P* S* -- RO* p* s* / R* Oʻ p* 5 R° O* p* S ++ -- ++ ++ Table 1. Production of SucS enzyme in various strains. “-" in the cell genotype indicates a loss of function mutation, “+" indicates wild type function, two genotypes separated by a / indicate a merodiploid or partial diploid. R° is a mutant version of SucR that…
1. Describe which enzymes are required for lactose and tryptophan metabolism in bacteria when lactose and tryptophan, respectively, are (a) present and (b) absent. 2. Contrast positive versus negative regulation of gene expression. Describe the role of the repressor in an inducible system and in a repressible system.