How many net molecules of nucleoside triphosphate (ATP and equivalent molecules)are produced by complete aerobic catabolism of a glucose going through glycolysis,the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)? Do notcount the ATP eventually generated by re-oxidation of reduced coenzymes, just thenumber of NTPs produced in reactions of these pathways. Choose the one bestanswer.02030405068 Find kcat for a reaction in which Vmax is 4 x 10-4 mol min1 and the reactionmixture contains one microgram of enzyme (the molecular weight of the enzyme is200,000 D). Choose the one best answer.Show your work on your scratch paper.4 × 108 min 18 × 10⁹ min 12 × 10-14 min-12 × 10-11 min ¹8 × 107 min-1OOO

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Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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What if the phosphate group for the glycolysis reaction with enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was from ATP instead of Pi? What would the complete, balanced, net rxn of glycoslysisequation be and how does this impact the overall glycolysis rxn?
Fatty acid oxidation for energy yield occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and for palmitate as one example, generates [FADN2, NADH, and Acetyle-CoA or FADH, GTP, and NADPH] , all of which can be converted to ATP (108 of them to be exact) via oxidative phosphorylation. This is a [greater or smaller] yield of ATP per carbon atom compared to glucose. Ketogenesis is a process where acetyl-CoA (including that from breakdown of fatty acids) is converted to ketone bodies under conditions where carbohydrates are [in excess or liminting] . Acetoacetate and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate are delivered from liver to the blood stream where they provide energy for [cardiac and skeletal muscle as well as brain or synthesis of glycogen] . [Insulin or glucagon] promotes ketogenesis by stimulating fatty acid export from adipose tissue.
7) The following questions apply to glycolysis (figure 3-41 on page 79 of the 12th edition), the Krebs cycle (figure 3-44 on page 82) and to oxidative phosphorylation (figure 3-45 on page 84). Calculate the total amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule if: a. The oxidation of NADH + H* to NAD* + 2H* produced 4 ATP. b. The oxidation of FADH₂ to FAD + 2H* produced 1 ATP. c. Each step of the Krebs cycle that produces NADH+H* produced FADH2 instead. d. Each step of the Krebs cycle that produces FADH2 produced NADH + H+ instead. e. Sucrose is substituted for glucose.
Describe redox reactions involved in the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration under the following topics: 1. Description of the two coenzymes NAD and FAD and link them to each enzyme in glycolysis; pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle using the backpack analogy that I described in class. (20%) 2. Describe energy harvesting of the electrons and hydrogens carried by the coenzymes in the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis using the battery analogy I described in class. (20%) 3. Describe the steps of DNA replication in bacteria as shown in our slides emphasizing the need for the Okazaki fragments (20%) 4. Describe RNA transcription emphasizing the two strands of DNA and the orientation of mRNA (20%) 5. Describe mRNA translation emphasizing the role of ribosomes and tRNA for two amino acids (20%)
Please identify on the glycolysis graph the intermediates of the citric acid cycle.
An investigator briefly incubates an actively respiring bacterial culture with [1-14 C]glucose and isolates the glycolytic and citric acid cycle intermediates. Where is 14 C located in each of the intermediates listed? Consider only the initial incorporation of 14C in the first pass of labeled glucose through the pathways. fructose 1,6-bisphosphate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate phosphoenolpyruvate acetyl-CoA citrate ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ a-ketoglutarate oxaloacetate Answer Bank C-4 C-1 C-3 C-2
if each nadh generates 3 atp molecules and each fadh2 generates 2 atp molecules calculate the number of ATP molecules generated from one saturated 10-carbon fatty acid
In the skeletal muscle, in anaerobic conditions, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into pyruvate during the payoff phase of glycolysis; and this pyruvate is reduced into lactate during lactic fermentation. Part 1-Write the 11 balanced biochemical equations corresponding to all the reaction steps leading to the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into lactate through glycolysis followed by lactic fermentation. Part 2-Write the net equation of the whole transformation process (i.e. with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate as the starting substrate; and lactate as the end product).

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