How many character changes are there in the cladogram? Are there any unexpected or unusual result in the cladogram?

Q: Notice that a couple of things are different from the previous charts. Firstly, the derived traits…

A: Maximum parsimony method is based upon the principle of minimum number of steps. The correct tree is…

Q: Traditionally morphological features are used to construct phylogenic trees of related species. In…

A: Evolution is a continuous process and we are still evolving. Evolution is nothing but adapting to…

Q: Species I is diploid (2n=8) with chromosomes AABBCCDD. Related species II is diploid (2n=8) with…

A: Chromosome mutation A chromosomal mutation is a DNA mutation that affects a lengthy stretch of the…

Q: List in order, from most inclusive to least inclusive, the principal categories (taxa) in Linnaean…

A: Taxonomy or systematics is a branch of biology in which the organisms are classified into categories…

Q: Species I is diploid (2 n = 8) with chromosomes AABBCCDD; related species II is diploid (2 n = 8)…

A: Mutations are the alterations or the changes that occurs in the DNA. Mutagens are the agents that…

Q: With the cladogram below as a basis, answer the following questions in the space provided. 6. Write…

A: Cladogram is a diagrammatic illustration in which relationship of taxons with each other and with…

Q: How many homoplasies are in the tree? Give the nucleotide position number(s) and tell what character…

A: Introduction -  Homoplasy occurs when characters are similar, but are not derived from a common…

Q: Incomplete lineage sorting happens when the ancestral species has loci with a great variety of…

A: Introduction :- Incomplete lineage sorting is a phenomenon that we study in the population genetics…

Q: Species 2 is described as 2n = 10 and has chromosome composition NNPPSSXXZ. %3D Select the best…

A: Monosomy is a condition when the organism is missing one chromosome from two pairs of the homologous…

Q: Species I is diploid (2 n = 8) with chromosomes AABBCCDD; related species II is diploid (2 n = 8)…

A: Mutations are variations in codons caused by changes in nucleotides at or near the coding sequence.…

Q: Estimate the phylogeny of these taxa by plotting the changes on each of the three possible…

A: Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group from pre-existing related organisms.…

Q: Do we put the derived traits of an out-group on a cladogram?

A: A cladogram is a graphical representation of the hypothetical relationship (phylogenetic…

Q: What is the assumption used when arranging species on a phylogenetic tree?

A: Evolution is a change in the “genetic composition” of a population over multiple generations. It is…

Q: Which of the following statements best explains the importance of sister taxa for understanding the…

A: When two organisms originating from a common ancestor and placed close to each other they form a…

Q: What does a cladogram tell us?

A: Classification is the arrangement of organisms into groups and sub-groups on the basis of…

Q: Below are six faces. Each face represents a species, with Species 6 being the outgroup. Seven…

A: Species is a group of organisms which can produce fertile offsprings by reproduction.   When we…

Q: a) Which characters might fall at location 1? b) Is there another way to map one of these traits on…

A: Classification aids in the identification and understanding of living organisms. It contributes to…

Q: Species I is diploid (2 n = 8) with chromosomes AABBCCDD; related species II is diploid (2 n = 8)…

A: Chromosomes are defined as the thread-like structures that carry genetic information. Any change…

Q: Species A X Species B X X Species C X X X Species D X X X Species E X X X X X Species F X X X X X

A: Cladistics approach help us in determining the evolutionary relationship between the various species…

Q: Two diploid species of closely related frogs, which we will callspecies A and species B, were…

A: Evolution is defined as inheritable changes over multiple generations of a population of organisms.…

Q: What genes from the mitochondrion are also used for phylogenetic analysis

A: Phylogeny involves studying evolutionary relationships between organisms. Molecular phylogeny…

Q: how do scientists organize a cladogram?

A: Cladograms are diagrams that show the relationships between different taxonomic groups known as…

Q: Species I is diploid (2 n = 4) with chromosomes AABB; related species II is diploid (2 n = 6) with…

A: Ploidy can be defined as the number of “complete sets of chromosomes” in a cell. According to the…

Q: For the Xenites, consider what appear to be homologies and analogies. Figure out the order of…

A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…

Q: Discuss how the principle of parsimony can be used in a cladistics approach to constructing a…

A: A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that is used in the study of the phylogeny. It is made of many…

Q: Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)).  Species A and C…

A: Mutations are alternations in the genetic material of an organism. They can occur either naturally…

Q: How is anagenesis different from cladogenesis?

A: Evolution is a change in the “genetic composition” of a population over multiple generations. It is…

Q: Which taxonomy is based on the interrelationships among individuals due to chromosomal similarities?

A: Chromosomes are long thread like structures present in the nucleus of all the cells. The DNA…

Q: What is "homology"? What is BLAST and how is it used? What’s a major assumption when drawing…

A: Hormology and analogy are the two parameters which help in deciding the place of a particular…

Q: You become interested in monarch butterfly conservation and begin investigating milkweeds (genus…

A: The initial stage in the construction of a phylogenetic tree involves the meticulous analysis of DNA…

Q: Below is an aligned DNA sequence dataset for three species and their outgroup. Draw the maximum…

A:

Q: Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)).  Species A and C…

A: Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationships of a group of organisms, often depicted in…

Q: Sketch the pH speciation diagram for asparagine for the range of 1 < pH < 12, annotate with the…

A: Asparagine is aliphatic, polar uncharged amino acid with carboxamide in its side chain. It is…

Q: WHY Mechanical Shearing Forces BreakDNA at Random Locations?

A: Mechanical shearing of DNA is a process that used to prepare DNA for the analysis or other…

Q: Swordtails, platyfish and Poecilia species are incapable of interbreeding with each other but…

A: Biological species defines the ability of two organisms to mate and produce offspring successfully…

Q: following cladogram species A, B, C, and the root of the tree together represent what sort of group?

A: Correct option: a monophyletic group   The group of organisms that are consider in the similar…

Q: Which of the following phylogenetic trees best matches the similarity data for the GAPDH gene shown…

A: Phylogenetic trees are used to depict the evolutionary process and the diversification of different…

Q: Draw the cladogram for "organisms" A-J of the family "Boltidae". Include each of these letters and…

A: Cladogram is a branching diagram which show the cladistic relationship between a number of organisms…

Q: On the right is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to…

A: The idea of a phylogenetic tree evolved from an old idea of a ladder-like development of living…

Q: A phylogeny of 5 species of birds is shown below with values for three different phenotypic traits…

A: Phylogenetics term is derived from two Greek words- Phylon meaning lineage or race; genesis meaning…

Q: Sort the following photos into three taxa (groups). Each taxa must contain only four creatures - no…

A: Introduction  A taxon is a collection of one or more populations of an organism or populations of…