• How does the hormone getfrom its secretory gland to itstarget tissue?• Are steroid hormoneshydrophobic or hydrophilic?• How are steroid hormonestransported to targettissues?• When the steroid hormonebinds to the nuclear receptorit dimerizes and binds toHRES?What are the HRES?When the NR dimer binds toHRES how does it effect genetranscription?Serum binding proteinwith bound hormoneHormoneAltered cellfunctionNewprotein4DNA2HREmRNAPlasmamembraneFigure 12-30Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Seventh Edition2017 W. H. Freeman and CompanyCytosol 1translationon ribosomesNucleusNuclearreceptorRNApolymerasetranscription 3Gene2Hormone, carried to the target tissue onserum binding proteins, diffuses across theplasma membrane and binds to its specificreceptor protein in the nucleus.4Hormone binding changes the conformationof the receptor; it forms homo- or heterodimerswith other hormone-receptorcomplexes and binds to specific regulatoryregions called hormone response elements(HRES) in the DNA adjacent to specific genes.3 Receptor attracts coactivator or corepressorprotein(s) and, with them, regulatestranscription of the adjacent gene(s), increasingor decreasing the rate of mRNA formation.Altered levels of the hormone-regulated geneproduct produce the cellular response to thehormone.ytosol

Since there are multiple questions in the image, I will explain the entire signaling cascade.…

Answered: How does the hormone get from its…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Q18
1. Which G protein activates Phospholipase C (PLC)? 2. What phospholipid does PLC cleave to produce second messengers? 3. What are the properties of these 2 second messengers? 4. Which second messenger opens a ligand gated ion channel in the ER? 5. Which hydrophobic second messenger activates protein kinase C? 6. Which hydrophilic second messenger activates protein kinase C by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ levels which allows Ca2+ to bind to PKC? Kinases 2 Phosphatidylinositol (PI) PI 3-kinase PLC PI 4,5-bis-phosphate (PI-4,5-bisP) Plasma membrane cog Diacylglycerol (DAG) Inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate (IP3) Second messengers PI 3,4,5-tris-phosphate (PI-3,4,5-trisP) domains 000 Docking site for pleckstrin homology Cell membrane PIP 20 Phospholipase C cleavage IP 3 VIVAL ER membrane 00 Calcium ion iii DAG Calcium ion Figure 13.12 Biochemistry, Third Edition 2015 W.H. Freeman and Company Diacylglycerol (DAG) Protein kinase C IP 3 receptor MY 99 Cytoplasm
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bestion 1 Growth hormone secretion is influenced by many nutritional and endocrine factors. What is the most accurate description of the control of growth hormone secretion in normal individuals? ⒸA. Up regulation by NEFA and amino acids, down regulation by leptin and glucose B. Up regulation by IGF1 and GHRH, down regulation by glucose and amino acids OC. Up regulation by IGF1 and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), down regulation by glucose and somatostatin OD. Up regulation by leptin and amino acids, down regulation by IGF-1 and glucose E. Up regulation by exercise and glucose, down regulation by amino acids and NEFA Question 1 of 35
REFE 1. Insect larvae, such as caterpillars or maggots, grow by shedding their skin in a process called moulting. When an insect larva moults, it can either become a larger, new larva or it can turn into a pupa. This process is controlled by hormones, one of which is called juvenile hormone or JH. High levels of JH cause the larva to become an even bigger larva wher moults. When the amount of JH falls below a certain level, the larva turns Into a pupa. (a) What would happen to the larva shown in the picture if the level of JH always stays high? (b) What effect would this have on the number of this species of insect in a particular area? A particularly annoying group of insects feeds on stored grain such as rice. The adults lay their eggs on the rice grains and the larvae eat the rice. Unfortunately, these insects are becoming increasingly resistant to insecticides. Research scientists are now beginning to look at a group of chemicals which resemble JH as a means of controlling these…
18
HOMEWORK 14!
How do GHRH, GH, and IGFs function together to regulate growth?
Practice question 1C) Referring to the signalling diagrams, complete the table below. Consider how cell signalling will proceed in a cell exposed to hormone H with each of the following homozygous mutations. НК expressed? | Суclin A cell cycle expressed? progression? cell survival compared with wild type. Mutant (# refers to the active ? mutants listed above) (same, more, less) (yes/no) (yes/no) (yes/no) (yes/no) # 4 # 5 #1 + #2 Below is a list of mutations commonly found in different components of the hormone-signaling pathways. Mutant #1: The içRuundergoes a loss-of-function mutation. Mutant #2: GSK-3B can no longer be phosphorylated. Mutant #3: ERK is constitutively active. Mutant #4: Lyn undergoes a gain-of function mutation. Mutant #5: The cyclin A gene's DNA is highly compacted and inaccessible. Mutations in the signalling pathways depicted above have been associated with an increased incidence of several types of cancer. hormone H H extracellular fluid inactive GTP inactive RAS…
Q27
Can i have an example for insulin please
• Compare and contrast the nervous system and endocrine system as communication pathways. • Describe the signal transduction pathway of lipid soluble messengers. • Discuss the different alpha subunits of various G proteins.

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