How do host immune systems recognize microbial invasion? You can focus on a Gram (-) bacterial infection. How does the immune system respond to the bacterial pathogen in the first 3-6 hours?
Q: All of the following are mechanisms used by pathogens to penetrate host defenses EXCEPT: 1.…
A: Correct answer is.. None of the other four answers (all are examples of how pathogens penetrate host…
Q: The figure below shows antibodies bound to repetitive epitopes on the surface of a bacterial…
A: Answer: Antibody Antigen reaction : Antibodies are the peptide Y shaped structure which are produced…
Q: What is the underlying reason for long-term antibiotic prophylaxis in pediatric sickle cell…
A: In sickle cell disease the shape of RBCs turns abnormal when they are subjected to low oxygen…
Q: How may the “immunologically privileged” status of the immune system play a role in latent…
A: Some microbes can remain inactive in the host bodies. They hide from the host immune system. For…
Q: Fill in the blanks with correct answer. 1) Certain bacterial adherence-promoting factors can be…
A: 1) The bacterias are adhered to the tissue surface or mucosal lining with the help of pili, capsule,…
Q: Outline and describe the steps of Classical pathway of complement activation; from initiation to…
A: The complement system is part of the body’s immune system. The complement system consists of…
Q: how does immunoelectrophoresis detect immunoglobulin production
A: Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are specialised proteins that the immune system produces…
Q: What could the overuse of anti-bacterial agents lead to?
A: Bacteria is unicellular prokaryotic organisms containing primitive nucleus that can survive under…
Q: What term describes microbial molecules of pathogens such as peptidoglycan and LPS that can trigger…
A: Innate immunity is an in- born immunity what Ch gives protection against the invading pathogen or…
Q: What is the enzymatic tag on the antibodies that interacts with the substrate causing the color…
A: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) is biochemical analytical assay used for the detection of…
Q: In immunology, what is meant by the term tolerance. How do we become tolerant to the structures in…
A: In immunology, tolerance refers to the immune system's ability to recognize and tolerate the body's…
Q: 11) What is the relative speed (slower, faster, the same) of a second response compared to the first…
A: On the epidermis, in body tissues, and in bodily fluids such as blood, the immune system fights…
Q: Why are there so many mutations? What are the bacterial defense system differences from SARS-Cov 2…
A: Abrupt changes inside the DNA that may or may not change the amino acids sequence in a protein is…
Q: Describe the mechanism of the classical complement pathway and discuss the critical role that the…
A: Introduction :- One of three pathways that activate the complement system, which is part of the…
Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?
A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…
Q: What is meant by complement fixation? What are cytolysins?
A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…
Q: Why is the evasion of phagocytosis a type of virulence factor?
A: The chemicals that help the bacteria invade the host at the cellular level are known as virulence…
Q: Microb Which mechanism(s) of complement activation starts or initiates the complement response.…
A: Complement is a part of immune system. Activation of complement helps in the elimination of…
Q: All the following would be of benefit to extracellular pathogens, except A) O the presence of a…
A: A pathogen is a microorganism that may cause diseases, such as a bacterium, virus, or other…
Q: How does Mycobacterium ulcerans evade the immune system?
A: Introduction:- Mycobacterium TB complex, which causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and…
Q: What is lysogenic conversion?
A: The virus affecting bacteria is a bacteriophage. It comprises the lytic or the lysogenic cycle.
Q: List and explain four distinct mechanisms of innate immune responses for eliminating Gram (-)…
A: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens, including bacteria. It is a…
Q: Why do certain drugs become immunogenic to the host?
A: Introduction :- Immunogenicity, which is defined as a cell or tissue's capacity to elicit an immune…
Q: Why do the ring sizes change until equivalence is reached in radial immunodiffusion?
A: Introduction Immunodiffusion is a technique used to detect and quantify the presence of specific…
Q: These antibodies are capable of stimulating complement, causing type II
A: An antibody (Ab), otherwise called an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a huge, Y-formed protein utilized by…
Q: Briefly Explain this statement "Immunomodulator Agents "-Please explain at your own words.
A: There are certain drugs which can modulate the immune response are called Immunomodulator. They are…
Q: During the current COVID 19 pandemic antibody tests have develop to track whether someone is exposed…
A: IgM antibodies are the body's first response,so they are in peak until week 2 while the IgG was…
Q: you need a flu shot every year/season because (HA-haemoagglutinin; NA-neuroaminidase) A) the virus…
A: The viruses are constantly changing. So to keep yourself protected it is utmost important to get…
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- What is complement activation in the biological senseThe process where antibody will cause microbes to be connected together so they can no longer cause infection is called: excision inactivation coarctation agglutinationCan S-layer proteins be detected by immunolabelling when a capsule is present? How do you know? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer based of the answer in the article
- How different are theactions of antibodies againstbacteria and against virus?Why is the cellular immuneresponse activated in case ofchronic viral infection?1) SDS PAGE gels can be probed with NBT/BCIP to perform an immunoblot true/ false 2) the direction of migration of protiens through a matrix is due to most proteins in natur having a net negative charge true/false 3) PBST is a buffer that is used for blocking the membrane during immunoblotting. true/false 4) the buffer used during for transferring proteins to nitrocellulose methanol. true/false 7) The size of the pores of a polyacrylamide gel dcreases as concentrations of polyacrylamide increases. True or false 10) The secondary antibody used in laboratory for western blotting is conjugated to which enzyme A) Alkaline decarboxylase B) GAPDH C) Alkaline Phosphatase D) Horseeradish peroxide 13) In protien electrophroresis, what reagent present in the sample buffer is used to eliminate difference in the charge densities of protein A) SDS B) 2- mercaptoethanol C) Tris-HCL pH6.8 D) Tris- HCL PH 8.8How does the response of the chemotaxis system to anattractant differ from its response to a repellent?