Honesty Coffee stations in offices often just ask users to leave money in a tray to pay for their coffee, but many peo-ple cheat. Researchers at Newcastle University replaced the picture of flowers on the wall behind the coffee station with a picture of staring eyes. They found that the average con-tribution increased significantly above the well-established standard when people felt they were being watched, eventhough the eyes were patently not real. (NY Times 12/10/06)a) Was this a survey, an observational study, or anexperiment? How can we tell?b) Identify the variables.c) What does “increased significantly” mean in astatistical sense?

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.