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Help with this, please! 22.7 E-cigarettes and smoking cessation, continued. Figure 22.3 shows the Minitab output for a chi-square test with a null hypothesis of no association between treatment received and abstinence outcome in the population of smokers who want to quit for the study first described in exercise 22.1.  A) What is the P-value of the chi-square test? B) Explain why it doesn't make sense in this study to find the components that contribute the most to X2 or to closely examine how the observed counts differ from the expected counts. C) Conclude in the context of this problem.

Help with this, please! 22.7 E-cigarettes and smoking cessation, continued. Figure 22.3 shows the Minitab output for a chi-square test with a null hypothesis of no association between treatment received and abstinence outcome in the population of smokers who want to quit for the study first described in exercise 22.1.  A) What is the P-value of the chi-square test? B) Explain why it doesn't make sense in this study to find the components that contribute the most to X2 or to closely examine how the observed counts differ from the expected counts. C) Conclude in the context of this problem.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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22.7 E-cigarettes and smoking cessation, continued. Figure 22.3 shows the Minitab output for a chi-square test with a null hypothesis of no association between treatment received and abstinence outcome in the population of smokers who want to quit for the study first described in exercise 22.1.

 A) What is the P-value of the chi-square test?
B) Explain why it doesn't make sense in this study to find the components that contribute the most to X2 or to closely examine how the observed counts differ from the expected counts.
C) Conclude in the context of this problem.

(c) Show how the first chi-square component in the Minitab computed. (d) What is the value of the chi-square statistic reported by Minitab! Verify that, (c) Show how the first chi-square component in the Minitab output (0.48745) was up to rounding error, this value is the sum of all six chi-square components shown up to rounding error, this value is the sum of all six chi-square componene that, in the Minitab output. ulMinitab Chi-Square Test for Association: Treatment, Worksheet columns Rows: Treatment Columns: Worksheet columns Verified abstinence Non-abstinent All Nicotine e-cigarette 21 268 289 18.04 270.96 0.48745 0.03244 Patch 17 278 295 18.41 276.59 0.10791 0.00718 Placebo e-cigarette 3 70 73 4.56 68.44 0.53117 0.03535 All 41 616 657 Cell Contents: Count Expected count Contribution to Chi-square FIGURE 22.3 Pearson Chi-Square 1.202, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.548 %3D %3D Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square = 1.253, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.534 %3D %3D Minitab chi-square output for the Ewo-way table of e-cigarettes and smoking cessation. * NOTE 1 cells with expected counts less than 5
Transcribed Image Text:(c) Show how the first chi-square component in the Minitab computed. (d) What is the value of the chi-square statistic reported by Minitab! Verify that, (c) Show how the first chi-square component in the Minitab output (0.48745) was up to rounding error, this value is the sum of all six chi-square components shown up to rounding error, this value is the sum of all six chi-square componene that, in the Minitab output. ulMinitab Chi-Square Test for Association: Treatment, Worksheet columns Rows: Treatment Columns: Worksheet columns Verified abstinence Non-abstinent All Nicotine e-cigarette 21 268 289 18.04 270.96 0.48745 0.03244 Patch 17 278 295 18.41 276.59 0.10791 0.00718 Placebo e-cigarette 3 70 73 4.56 68.44 0.53117 0.03535 All 41 616 657 Cell Contents: Count Expected count Contribution to Chi-square FIGURE 22.3 Pearson Chi-Square 1.202, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.548 %3D %3D Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square = 1.253, DF = 2, P-Value = 0.534 %3D %3D Minitab chi-square output for the Ewo-way table of e-cigarettes and smoking cessation. * NOTE 1 cells with expected counts less than 5
40 20 Percent tus? they the and are they part of the of given sta- (b) the into a similar two-way Are these p These bars compare "Never use" percents: 46% for cases, 55% for controls. Cases Controls < FIG Bar gra Never use Past use therap postm- (cases diagno Current oral Current transdermal ERT use ERT use (P) 22.1 E-cigarettes and smoking cessation. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-operated devices that can deliver nicotine and other chemicals in water vapor instead of smoke. They are a relatively recent invention with little scientific evaluation, yet some people believe that e-cigarettes could help smokers who want to quit smoking. Researchers in New Zealand randomly assigned 657 adult smokers wanting to quit to three treatment groups: nicotine patches, nicotine e-cigarettes, and placebo e-cigarettes. Smoking abstinence at the end of the study was assessed biochemically for all participants with a breath analyzer. The published research reports that, "at 6 months, verified abstinence was 7.3% (21 of 289) with nicotine e-cigarettes, 5.8% (17 of 295) with patches, and 4.1% (three of 73) with placebo e-cigarettes. »2 MAX (a) Organize the study findirgs in the following two-way table of counts. Add the group totals to your table. ts ts Smoking status at six months Non-abstinent .. Total ... . Verified abstinence Treatment group Nicotine e-cigarettes Patches Now organize the cited percents into a similar two-way table. Are these per- Cents part of the conditional distribution of abstinence, given treatment group, or Placebo e-cigarettes they part of the conditional distribution of treatment, given abstinence sta- What do they suggest about the relationship between treatment assigned and f onhid drops. anhids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, are small, wingless, 1ode predators (such as ladybugs)
Transcribed Image Text:40 20 Percent tus? they the and are they part of the of given sta- (b) the into a similar two-way Are these p These bars compare "Never use" percents: 46% for cases, 55% for controls. Cases Controls < FIG Bar gra Never use Past use therap postm- (cases diagno Current oral Current transdermal ERT use ERT use (P) 22.1 E-cigarettes and smoking cessation. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-operated devices that can deliver nicotine and other chemicals in water vapor instead of smoke. They are a relatively recent invention with little scientific evaluation, yet some people believe that e-cigarettes could help smokers who want to quit smoking. Researchers in New Zealand randomly assigned 657 adult smokers wanting to quit to three treatment groups: nicotine patches, nicotine e-cigarettes, and placebo e-cigarettes. Smoking abstinence at the end of the study was assessed biochemically for all participants with a breath analyzer. The published research reports that, "at 6 months, verified abstinence was 7.3% (21 of 289) with nicotine e-cigarettes, 5.8% (17 of 295) with patches, and 4.1% (three of 73) with placebo e-cigarettes. »2 MAX (a) Organize the study findirgs in the following two-way table of counts. Add the group totals to your table. ts ts Smoking status at six months Non-abstinent .. Total ... . Verified abstinence Treatment group Nicotine e-cigarettes Patches Now organize the cited percents into a similar two-way table. Are these per- Cents part of the conditional distribution of abstinence, given treatment group, or Placebo e-cigarettes they part of the conditional distribution of treatment, given abstinence sta- What do they suggest about the relationship between treatment assigned and f onhid drops. anhids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, are small, wingless, 1ode predators (such as ladybugs)
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