Degradation of branched-chain amino acids Boxidation of fatty acids (cf Figure 16.15) Citric acid cycle (cf Figure 13.3) .coo .coo NH, NH, NH Isoleucine Valine Leucine Transamination (PLP) .coo .coo .coo .coO a-Ketoglutarate 1. Oxidative Decarboxylation SCOA SCOA SCOA SCOA SCOA Succinyl-CoA 2. Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenation SCOA SCOA SCOA SCOA Fumarate 3. Hydration Но SCOA SCOA SCOA SCOA coo OH 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl- glutaryl-CoA (HMG-COA) Malate 4. Dehydrogenation 4. Dehydrogenation SCOA .SCOA COo Oxaloacetate 5. Thiolytic cleavage COA-SH SCOA 5. Thiolytic cleavage CO, Acetyl-CoA SCOA SCOA SCOA R. SCOA Propionyl-CoA Acetoacetate Acetyl-CoA Acety-CoA FIGURE 18.14 Branched-chaln amino acid oxldation, fatty acld B-axidation, and the citric acid cycle share a common chemical strategy. H. CH, CH, | CH, HC- NH,* CO0- a-Aminoadipic semialdehyde O:
Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
Lysine degradation requires removal of two amino groups. Removal of its
ε-amino group gives a-aminoadipic semialdehyde. This product is then
degraded to acetoacetate by the same chemical strategy used to degrade the
branched-chain amino acids. Draw the proposed intermediates in this pathway (Hint: see Figure 18.14).
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