In step 2 of the fatty acid biosynthesis, the acetyl-S-synthase condenses the acetyl group (C2)with a malonyl-ACP (C3) and subsequent decarboxylation to acetoacetyl-ACP (C4). Give themolecule [A] after condensation and before decarboxylation in the reaction below.synthase(A]ACP + CO2+ HS synthaseACPHOS.

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/56d8e1b5-70c1-49ae-a503-3b60de3b7ded.jpg

Answered: In step 2 of the fatty acid…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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(b) Biotin is a coenzyme required for a key step in gluconeogenesis. (i) To which enzyme is biotin linked and what is the nature of the bond? (ii) What properties do the biotin and the linkage have that enable biotin to interact with two distinct active sites in this enzyme? (iii) What chemical steps take place at each of these active sites (no need to specify the complete reactions)?
Provide an explanation for why glucose-6-phopshate must be isomerized to fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis.
Order the cofactors based on their use in the mechanism of the a-etogluterate dehydrogenase complex. 1. Stabilizes a carbanion due to decarboxylation 2. Allows for the splitting of the carbon skeleton from the electron pair generated in a redox reaction 3. Enzyme bond electron carrier that is part of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 4. Final electron acceptor in the overall reaction catalyzed by this complex 1 2 3 4 answer choices: lipoamide, biotin, 2 Fe - 2S cluster, TPP, NAD+, FAD
Consider the total breakdown of the glycogen structure below. Assuming each glycosidic linkage can be broken down completely and the resulting products are fed through glycolytic metabolism. a) If this molecule was in your muscles, how many molecules of ATP would it generate through fermentation? how many molecules of lactate? b) If the same molecule was in your liver, but was instead fueling glycolysis in your brain, how many molecules of ATP would it generate for the brain through glycolysis? c) The lactate produced in (a) is then transported back to the liver from your muscles. There, it can be used to drive glucose synthesis (known as the Cori cycle). Assume all glucose from this lactate is then re-incorporated into newly synthesized glycogen. List the steps needed for this transformation in the liver and the amount of ATP equivalents it will consume (going from lactate). Also, identify a signaling pathway that would trigger its incorporation into new glycogen, instead of being…
Considering that triacylglycerols get hydrolyzed in the small intestine because of pancreatic lipases, write the reactions using structural formulas by which a 7-carbon fatty acid is activated and oxidized in the liver of this patient. Indicate cofactors and underscore the final CoA products.
Draw the products that would be produced from phospholipase C cleavage of a glycerophospholipid with a phosphoserine head group, an alpha linoleic acid attached to C2 of glycerol and a linoleic acid attached to C, of glycerol. Draw these products at pH=1. Be sure to number the fatty acid carbons in your products.
Consider docosanoic acid C12H43CO2H a. Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Show the beta-oxidation in an EXPANDED structure. b. Draw each acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl Co A molecules are formed by complete beta-oxidation? d. How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. f. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? g. What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from a to e]
In 1937, two German biochemists published a paper proposing these reactions as part of glucose oxidation: citrate → isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate →succinate → fumarate → malate → oxaloacetate. Adding succinate, fumarate, or malate to thin slices of tissue increased oxygen consumption, supporting the hypothesis that these molecules are intermediates in the process. However, they were puzzled by the observation that these intermediates were still present in the reaction mixture at the end of the experiment. They had thought that intermediates would be consumed as they were converted to the next molecule in the pathway. What explains the observation that these intermediates were still present? a) The pathway is a cycle, constantly regenerating intermediates as glucose is broken down. b) Succinate, fumarate, and malate are not reactants but catalysts, and catalysts are not consumed in the process. c) Succinate, fumarate, and malate increase metabolism and therefore oxygen consumption,…
For saturated fatty acids, these reactions can continue as you have drawn until all the carbons of the fatty acid have been oxidized to acetyl-CoA. What is problematic about an unsaturated fatty acid, such as C16:cis-9?
Citrate synthase mediates the transfer of what functional group to produce citrate from Oxaloacetate?
Fatty acid biosynthesis occurs through a series of reactions involving fatty acid synthase (FAS), a polypeptide multienzyme complex. The result of this synthesis is a saturated fatty acid with up to 16 carbon atoms (palmitic acid). Longer fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids result from modifications to fatty acids produced by FAS activity. What saturated fatty acid gives rise to myristoleic acid, CH3(CH2)3CH=CH(CH2),COOH? H₂ H₂ OH པཱལིནཊྛདྡྷིསཏྟཔཱཎཱསིངྒཱརཨིནྡྷནཾ ཀིཾསུ fatty acid + O2 + NADPH + H+ H3C H H myristoleic acid + 2 H2O + NADP+ Modufy the given molecule of myristoleic acid to show the fatty acid used to produce myristoleic acid. H₁C || Н H OH
How many tritium atoms (3H) are incorporated into myristate when fatty acid synthesis is carried out in vitro with the following labeled substrate?

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