Given the graph below, what changes to % saturation of hemoglobin would you expect from the change in pH? Decreased Increased Effects of pH on Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Percent saturation of hemoglobin 100 80 60 40 20 0 pH 7.6 20 40 pH 7.4 pH 7.2 60 80 100

Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
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Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
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**Text:**

Given the graph below, what changes to % saturation of hemoglobin would you expect from the change in pH?  
*Increased*  *Decreased*

**Diagram Explanation:**

The graph titled "Effects of pH on Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation" depicts the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen (P_O2 in mm Hg) on the x-axis and the percent saturation of hemoglobin on the y-axis. 

There are three curves, each representing a different pH level:

- **pH 7.6**: The curve is shifted to the left, indicating a higher percent saturation of hemoglobin at a given P_O2. This suggests increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen at higher pH levels.
  
- **pH 7.4**: This curve is in the middle and represents the standard physiological pH.

- **pH 7.2**: The curve is shifted to the right, indicating a lower percent saturation of hemoglobin at a given P_O2. This suggests decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen at lower pH levels.

The graph illustrates how a decrease in pH (acidosis) leads to decreased hemoglobin saturation with oxygen at a given oxygen pressure, whereas an increase in pH (alkalosis) results in increased saturation. This represents the Bohr effect, where changes in pH affect hemoglobin’s binding affinity for oxygen.
Transcribed Image Text:**Text:** Given the graph below, what changes to % saturation of hemoglobin would you expect from the change in pH? *Increased* *Decreased* **Diagram Explanation:** The graph titled "Effects of pH on Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation" depicts the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen (P_O2 in mm Hg) on the x-axis and the percent saturation of hemoglobin on the y-axis. There are three curves, each representing a different pH level: - **pH 7.6**: The curve is shifted to the left, indicating a higher percent saturation of hemoglobin at a given P_O2. This suggests increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen at higher pH levels. - **pH 7.4**: This curve is in the middle and represents the standard physiological pH. - **pH 7.2**: The curve is shifted to the right, indicating a lower percent saturation of hemoglobin at a given P_O2. This suggests decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen at lower pH levels. The graph illustrates how a decrease in pH (acidosis) leads to decreased hemoglobin saturation with oxygen at a given oxygen pressure, whereas an increase in pH (alkalosis) results in increased saturation. This represents the Bohr effect, where changes in pH affect hemoglobin’s binding affinity for oxygen.
The image illustrates the chemical equilibrium involving carbon dioxide and water, represented by the following reaction:

\[ \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \rightleftharpoons \text{H}^+ + \text{HCO}_3^- \]

**Explanation:**

1. **Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Water (H₂O):** These reactants combine to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃).
2. **Carbonic Acid (H₂CO₃):** This intermediate compound can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻).
3. **Equilibrium Arrows (⇌):** The double-headed arrows indicate that the reactions are reversible and can reach equilibrium.

This process is significant in biological systems for maintaining pH balance and is a part of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system in blood.
Transcribed Image Text:The image illustrates the chemical equilibrium involving carbon dioxide and water, represented by the following reaction: \[ \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \rightleftharpoons \text{H}^+ + \text{HCO}_3^- \] **Explanation:** 1. **Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Water (H₂O):** These reactants combine to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). 2. **Carbonic Acid (H₂CO₃):** This intermediate compound can dissociate into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻). 3. **Equilibrium Arrows (⇌):** The double-headed arrows indicate that the reactions are reversible and can reach equilibrium. This process is significant in biological systems for maintaining pH balance and is a part of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system in blood.
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