GHT AT NIGHT MAKES FAT MICE Studies have shown that exposure to light at night is harmful to human health. A study in mice shows that light at night has an effec weight gain after just three weeks. In the study, mice were randomly assigned to live in one of three light conditions: LD had a stand ight/dark cycle, LL had bright light all the time, and DM had dim light when there normally would have been darkness. Body Mass Gain
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- LIGHT AT NIGHT MAKES FAT MICEStudies have shown that exposure to light at night is harmful to human health. A study in mice shows that light at night has an effect on weight gain after just three weeks. In the study, mice were randomly assigned to live in one of three light conditions: LD had a standard light/dark cycle, LL had bright light all the time, and DM had dim light when there normally would have been darkness.Activity LevelsPerhaps the mice with light at night gain more weight because they are exercising less. The conditions for an ANOVA test are met and computer output is shown for testing the average activity level for each of the three light conditions. The null hypothesis is that mean activity level is not related to light condition, while the alternative hypothesis is that the mean activity level is related to light condition. Is there a significant difference in mean activity level? Level N Mean StDev DM 10 2503 1999 LD 8 2433 2266 LL 9 2862 2418 One-way…Suppose a study investigated the effects of vitamin A, vitamin C, and omega-3 fatty acids supplements on improving eye health and vision. 300 adults volunteered to take part in the study. In the study, participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 different levels of Vitamin A (Level A, Level B, or Level C) and randomly assigned to one of 2 different levels of Vitamin C (Level 1 or Level 2) and randomly assigned to one of 2 different levels of omega-3 fatty acid (Level I or Level II). a. Identify the subjects of the study. b. Identify the factor(s) for the study and the number of treatment level(s) for each factor. c. How many different treatment groups are there in this study?Recent research has demonstrated that music-based physical training for elderly people can improve balance, walking efficiency, and reduce the risk of falls (Trombetti et al., 2011). As part of the training, participants walked in time to music and responded to changes in the music's rhythm during a 1-hour per week exercise program. After 6 months, participants in the training group increased their walking speed and their stride length compared to individuals in the control group. The following data are similar to the results obtained in the study. Do the results indicate a significant difference in the stride length for the two groups? Use a two-tailed test with α = 0.05. (do with spss and give an explanation) thank you
- A study investigated the joint effects of sleep quality and sleep duration on the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 60,586 individuals aged 40 and older with no current or prior history of CHD were enrolled into the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on sleep quality and duration at the start of the study, and 43,910 participants reported getting ³6 hours of sleep per day. Participants were followed for approximately 12 years, for a total of 152,000 person-years among those getting <6 hours sleep/day and 527,000 person-years among those getting ³6 hours sleep/day. Out of 2,740 participants who developed CHD throughout follow-up, 721 participants reported getting <6 hours of sleep per day at baseline. Question 10: What is the incidence rate of coronary heart disease among all participants in the study?Recent research has demonstrated that music-based physical training for elderly people can improve balance, walking efficiency, and reduce the risk of falls (Trombetti et al., 2011). As part of the training participants walked in time to music and responded to changes in the music's rhythm during a 1-hour per week exercise program. After 6 months, participants in the training group increased their walking speed and their stride length compared to individuals in the control group. The following data are similar to the results obtained in the study. Exercise Group Stride Length Control Group Stride Length 24 26 25 23 22 20 24 23 26 20 17 16 21 21 22 17 22 18 19 23 24 16 23 20 23 25 28 19 25 17 23 16 Do the results indicate a significant difference in the stride length for the two groups? Use a two-tailed test with ?=.05 (By hand and with SPSS)An important issue is whether there are racial differences in hypertension among children. We define hypertension as being above the 95th percentile for either systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among children of the same age, height, and sex. Since some of the children were observed at multiple visits, a GEE model was run of hypertension on ethnic group. There were three ethnic groups considered: Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic. One issue is that BMI, which may vary among ethnic groups, is positively related to hypertension. Hence, a logistic regression model was run, as shown in Table 13.55. 13.89 What is the estimated OR for hypertension comparing Hispanic boys vs. Caucasian boys based on the results in Table 13.55? (Call this OR2 .) Provide a 95% CI for this estimate. 13.90 Suppose the average BMI of Hispanic boys is higher than that for Caucasian boys. Is BMI a confounder of the association between ethnic group and hypertension? If so, is it…
- Carter et al investigated the effect of age at onset of bipolar disorder on the course of the illness. One of the variables studied was the subjects' family history. The table below shows the frequency of a family history of mood disorders in the two groups of interest: early age at onset (18years or younger) and later age at onset (later than 18 years old). Can we conclude on the basis of these data that subjects 18 or younger differ from subjects older than 18 with respect to family histories ofmood disorders? Ref: J Psychiatric Research 37(2003), 297-303.The impact of a low-calorie diet on laboratory mice's longevity is being investigated by a medical researcher. Twenty mice are split into two groups (E and F) by random. A typical diet is given to Group E, while Group F is given a diet that only contains 70% as many calories as Group E's diet. The length of life (in days) of each mouse over the 36-month trial is documented. Table 2 provides the data that was obtained. The symbol of double star (**) signifies that the mouse was still alive at the end of the investigation. (a) (b) (c) Table 2: The length of life (in days) of each mouse Group E 900 907 751 833 920 787 830 877 848 901 Group F 1037 905 1023 988 1078 1011 ** 1063 898 1033 State a suitable null and alternative hypotheses for the problem. At 5% significance level, test the hypotheses in part (a) by using an appropriate nonparametric test. Write your conclusion.Recently, a researcher was visiting a local farmers market and saw a sign claiming that grain-fed chicken are consistently larger than chickens fed any other type of diet. Skeptical about the claim, he creates an experiment to see if type of diet has an effect on the weight of a chicken drumstick. He randomly assigns 58 chickens to each of four different diets (Diet 1, Diet 2, Diet 3 and Diet 4) and records the weight of each chicken's heavier drumstick in grams). Is there evidence of a difference in mean drumstick weight across the four diets? What is the response variable? Select one: O a. Chickens Ob. Drumstick weight O c. Diet O d. Grain-fed What is the explanatory variable? Select one: O a. Chickens O b. Drumstick Weight Ma ments the mean du g he O c. Diet L the ut rchickete Der hi delon edelfce h nt the mendu e ete DetLD O d. Grain-fed oa he ethe men ng n De the chicems eiecmd. What does the baxplats show about the center and spread of the different Diets? Select one: O a. The…
- Rock Sparrows. Rock Sparrows breeding in northern Italy are the subject of a long-term ecology and conservation study due to their wide variety of breeding patterns. Both males and females have a yellow patch on their breasts that is thought to play a significant role in their sexual behavior. A. Pilastro et al. conducted an experiment in which they increased or reduced the size of a female’s breast patch by dying feathers at the edge of a patch and then observed several characteristics of the behavior of the male. Their results were published in the paper “Male Rock Sparrows Adjust Their Breeding Strategy According to Female Ornamentation: Parental or Mating Investment?” (Animal Behaviour,Vol. 66, Issue 2, pp. 265–271). Eight mating pairs were observed in each of three groups: a reduced-patch-size group, a control group, and an enlarged-patch-size group. The data on the WeissStats site, based on the results reported by the researchers, give the number of minutes per hour that males…Does heavy cell phone use affect brain activity? There is some concern about possible negative effects of radiofrequency signals delivered to the brain. In a randomized matched-pairs study, 47 healthy participants had cell phones placed on the left and right ears. Brain glucose metabolism (a measure of brain activity) was measured for all participants under two conditions: with one cell phone turned on for 50 minutes (the “on” condition) and with both cell phones off (the “off” condition). The amplitude of radio frequency waves emitted by the cell phones during the “on” condition was also measured. Is this an example of “paired-samples” or “independent samples”? The investigators were interested in seeing whether average brain glucose metabolism was different based on whether the cell phones were turned on or off. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this test. Suppose that the mean of differences ? is 0.8, ignoring the unit for now, and the standard deviation of the…Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, often linked with dreaming, is marked by very high brain activity. In fact, REM periods may be the sleep periods in which the brain is most active. REM sleep takes up a mean of about 25% of the total sleep time, but this varies from person to person. Suppose that in an experimental study, sleep researchers examine several groups of adults who are drawn from different populations (one group from each population). These populations differ in amount of typical daily activity (ranging from "very active" to "inactive"). The researchers record, for each participant, the percentage of total sleep time over the course of several nights that is spent in REM sleep. The researchers then perform a one-way, independent-samples ANOVA test of the equality of the mean REM sleep percentages of the different populations. (a) Here is a summary of their ANOVA test. Fill in the missing entry of the table (rounded to two decimal places). Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean…