Gene Expression VAVAVAVAAVAVAVAY Transcription Translation RNA polymerase 5' 3' 3' 5' DNA -MRNA strand -Ribosome Promoter Terminator 5' -Polypeptide Direction of ribosome movement Ribosome- Start binding site codon O FIGURE 7.16 In Prokaryotes, Translation Begins as the mRNA Molecule Is Still Being Synthesized Ribosomes begin translating the 5' end of MRNA before transcription is complete. More than one ribosome can be translating the same mRNA molecule.

Q: describe the process of translation/protein synthesis at the ribosome based on these figures

A: Answer: TRANSLATION = It is the process in central dogma where mRNA is translated in to proteins in…

Q: what ribosome channels accept charged tRNA molecules?

A: Large macromolecular structures known as ribosomes are present in every live cell. They are…

Q: Why and how does an antisense oligonucleotide functionally inactivate an mRNA for use in translation…

A: Antisense RNA (asRNA), also referred to as antisense transcript,natural antisense transcript or…

Q: How does tRNA move through the 3 sites of the ribosome (in what order)

A: tRNA or the transfer RNA is the adaptor molecule possessing a clover leaf-shaped structure due to…

Q: A certain ochre suppressor inserts glutamine in response to the ochre codon. What is the most likely…

A: In this scenario, where a suppressor mutation allows the insertion of glutamine instead of…

Q: In EUKARYOTIC translation, how does initiation of translation occur? a) What components of the…

A: The process of decoding the genetic information carried by mRNA molecules in order to synthesize…

Q: What is the peptide encoded by this mRNA sequence 5’-UCU-GCA- AAU-UUA -GUU-3

A: RNA (Ribonucleic acid) polymerase is the major enzyme responsible for the transcription process in…

Q: Explain the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic protein translation. Where is it…

A: The process by which prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, synthesise proteins based on genetic…

Q: What is the mechanism by which a riboswitch regulates translation?

A: Riboswitches are RNA structures that mainly occur in bacteria, but some are also present in archaea,…

Q: For one ribosome-specific antibiotic, identify the specific step in translation that it blocks?

A: Drugs that are used to treat microbial infections are commonly referred to as antimicrobial agents.…

Q: Which of the following would base pair with an aminoacyl tRNA? Question 33 options: A) 5'-UGA-3'…

A: Aminoacyl-tRNA is tRNA to which it's cognate amino acid is chemically bound. The Aminoacyl-tRNA…

Q: Why chaperones are particularly important when translation occurs on membrane-bound ribosomes ?

A: Protein translation either occurs in cytosol by free ribosomes and some proteins gets translated on…

Q: the chemical group responsible for nucleophilic attack in translational elongation is  a) free…

A: Translation:        It involves decoding a messenger (mRNA) and using it's information to build a…

Q: The pioneer round of translation of an mRNA is very important to identify potentially dangerous…

A: The pioneer round of translation is a crucial step in identifying potentially problematic mRNAs.…

Q: All translation begin at free ribosomes in the cytosol, yet all secreted proteins are translocated…

A: Translation is the process in which a mature mRNA (messenger RNA) is coded into a functional protein…

Q: In Figure 9-12, is the terminal amino acid emerging fromthe ribosome encoded by the 5′or 3′end of…

A: Translation is a process by which amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds thereby forming…

Q: You find that a diploid specimen in the lab has a mutation in a tRNA gene on one of its chromosomes.…

A: Understanding the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis is necessary to answer this…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.