From the lab, it's asking to "i.provide the normal mechanism" and I'm a little lost on what that is or what would we try to find within the experiment. Also, what would be the chemical equation from the reaction of the experiment? Diels-Alder ReactionIntroduction:The Diels-Alder reaction provides a synthesis of six-membered ring compounds. The discovery and developmentof this reaction by Otto Diels and Kurt Alder was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950. Today thisreaction is used as a tool to prepare a wide variety of compounds containing six-membered rings, includingnatural products and materials of medicinal value.The Diels-Alder reaction is a concerted [4+2] cycloaddition between a diene and a dienophile (which is often analkene). The reaction simultaneously forms two C-C single bonds. The two components required for the Diels-Alder reaction are a conjugated diene [4 π electrons] and a dienophile [2 π electrons]. The dienophile ("lover ofdienes") must contain at least one it bond, but it may contain more. The mechanism of the reaction involves acyclic flow of electrons in a single step (concerted reaction) in which the diene supplies 4 π electrons and thealkene or alkyne, also called the dienophile, supplies 2 i electrons. In this process, two new sigma bonds whichlink the former dienophile to the diene and one new π bond between the former double bonds of the diene areformed.diene + dienophileEven though s-trans conformation of dienes is more stable due to steric reasons, the s-cis conformation isneeded to carry out the Diels-Alder reaction. The s-cis conformation of the diene would yield a six memberedring with a cis double bond whereas a diene in s-trans conformation would demand a trans double bond in a sixmembered ring- an impossible feat. Cyclic dienes, which are locked into the s-cis form, are particularly reactive.The reaction is stereospecific because the stereochemistry of the reacting components is maintained - transsubstituents on the dienophile are trans in the Diels-Alder product, and cis substituents on the dienophile are cisin the Diels-Alder product. The Diels-Alder reaction proceeds best if the dienophile contains electron-withdrawing groups, such as C-O, attached to the bond, and if the diene contains electron-donating groups,such as alkyl or OR groups.The reaction you will carry out is between anthracene (the diene) and maleic anhydride (the dienophile):AnthraceneheatMaleic AnhydrideDiels Alder Adduct Reflux Techniques:In this lab we are using a new technique to carry out our reaction - reflux. When a reaction is heated at reflux,the reaction is being run at a constant temperature without loss of solvent. The temperature of the reaction isequal to the boiling point of the solvent (so, in this reaction, we are using xylenes as our solvent for the reaction;xylenes boil at ~140 °C, thus our reaction is being run at ~140 °C). The reaction is heated until the solvent isboiling and the condensed vapors are dripping back into the flask from the bottom of the condenser at a steadyrate. Once this is reached, begin the timing for the reflux.water inc-Water outcondenserclampround bottom flaskheating mantleDuring a reflux it is important that you have water flowingthrough your condenser before turning on the heat. Watershould always flow in from the bottom at out of the top.The water does not need to be on very high - in fact, if youcrank the water up you are likely to pop off your hose andget water all over the place. You should always have a stir-bar or boiling chips in your round bottom flask when youheat it to avoid bumping of the solvent as it heats.Experimental ProcedureAssemble the glassware for a reflux with a 50 mL round bottom flask. Put a thermometer adaptor at the top ofthe water-cooled condenser to prevent excess water vapor from entering the reaction, but still providing a vent(NEVER heat a completely closed system! This can lead to explosions!). Lightly grease all the joints, and be sureto use Keck clips to attach the round-bottom flask to the condenser.Add 1.0 g anthracene, 0.5 g maleic anhydride, 17 mL xylenes, and a magnetic stir-bar to the flask. Make sure torecord the exact amounts of reagents used in your lab notebook! Make sure water is flowing through yourcondenser. Heat your reaction to reflux, and reflux the reaction for 25-30 minutes. Remove the hot plate andallow the flask to cool to room temperature. Then cool in an ice bath. Collect the solid by suction filtration. Youcan use a small amount (5 mL) of COLD xylenes to rinse your flask and your crystals.Dry your product on the vacuum for about 30 minutes; record the weight and melting point range of yourproduct. Pure 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9, 10-(a,ß-succinic acid anhydride (the product) melts at 261-262 °C.

Diels-Alder reaction is the [4 π + 2π] cycloaddition between diene and dienophile. It takes place in…

Answered: From the lab, it's asking to "i.provide…

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...