Four electron carriers, a, b, c, and d, whose reduced and oxidizedforms can be distinguished spectrophotometrically, are required forrespiration in a bacterial electron-transport system. In the presenceof substrates and oxygen, three different inhibitors block respira-tion, yielding the patterns of oxidation states shown below. What isthe order of the carriers in the chain from substrates to O2, andwhere do the three inhibitors act?CarriersInhibitorabP1R2RRR3RRO and R indicate fully oxidized and fullyreduced, respectively.

In the electron transport chain, reducing equivalents such as NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to NAD+…

Answered: Four electron carriers, a, b, c, and d,…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter18: Glycolysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20P: Understanding the Mechanism of Hemolytic Anemia Genetic defects in glycolytic enzymes can have...

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Cytochrome oxidase and succinate-CoQ oxidoreductase are isolated from mitochondria and are incubated inthe presence of oxygen, along with cytochrome c, coenzyme Q,and succinate. What is the overall oxidation–reduction reactionthat can be expected to take place?
Some help would be great with this, I didnt really understand it when the professor went over it.
In steroid synthesis, squalene is oxidizedto squalene epoxide. This reaction is somewhat unusual, in thatboth a reducing agent (NADPH) and an oxidizing agent (O2) arerequired. Why are both needed?
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The following table summarizes the standard redox potential of some components ofelectron transport chain.Can cytochrome a and a3 be put in complex I whereas cytochrome b and c1 are put incomplex III? Explain.
When pure reduced cytochrome c is added to carefully prepared mitochondria along with ADP, Pi, antimycin A, and oxygen, the cytochrome c becomes oxidized, and ATP is formed, with a P/O ratio approaching 1.0.(a) Indicate the probable flow of electrons in this system.(b) Why was antimycin A added?(c) What does this experiment tell you about the location of coupling sitesfor oxidative phosphorylation?(d) Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction (including cyt c oxidation and ATP synthesis).(e) Calculate ΔG°′ for the above reaction, using E′0 values from Table 14.1and a ΔG°′ value for ATP hydrolysis of -32.2 kJ/mol.
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Propose that you have discovered a new ATP synthase from the mitochondrion of an organism onthe planet X. You found that the mitochondrion from this newly discovered organism has exactly thesame electron transport chain as human beings. In addition, this newly discovered ATP synthase hassimilar subunit composition and arrangements as human beings, excepting that such newlydiscovered ATP synthase contain 6 c-subunits. Theoretically, the P/O ratio for the oxidation of FADH2 to water in this organism is: 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 None of the above Need more information Which statement is NOT true about the transport of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membraneon its way to the cytosol? The transport causes the loss of a net charge of -1 in the matrix. It is accomplished by adenine nucleotide translocase. The same enzyme that transports ATP also transport ADP in the opposite direction. It is complexed with Mg2+ to reduce the draw on the electrical part of the protonmotive force.
Why does growth of ETPUM in Medium # require oxygen? ' ink about this in terms of howETPUM can generate a net gain in ATP by processing polyurethane. Remember that the degradationof polyurethane by polyurethanase does not expend ATP. In order to answer this question, address eachof the following questions in your answer:a. Is there a net gain or loss of ATP during the transport of the citrate?b. Consider the ATPs that can be generated via substrate-level phosphorylation. Will glycolysis beuseful for generating any ATPs during growth on polyurethane? How many ATPs can be generatedvia TCA? Is this enough to support growth (is there a net positive in the ATP tally)?c. Now consider how else ETPUM can generate ATPs (if not by substrate- level phosphorylation). Canthis process generate a net positive in the ATP tally?d. Now explain the importance of oxygen as relates to the ATP tally.
which staments are false
The inhibitor X prevents coenzyme Q (Q) from participating in electron transfer in the electron transport chain. (a) Will the presence of X prevent electrons from NADH from passing through the electron trans- port chain? Explain why or why not. (b) Compound Y is a non-physiological reducing agent capable of directly reducing cytochrome cl in Complex III. Would oxygen consumption resume upon the addition of compound Y to mitochondria inhibited by inhibitor X? Be sure to explain your answer.

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