For molecules containing atoms with electrons in p orbitals, energy-level diagrams become more complex. Core electrons are usually omitted from MO energy level diagrams. Discuss with your group or the class the following: (a) Why are core electrons usually omitted? For the second-row diatomics what is the lowest MO formed from valence shell orbitals? (b) Describe how molecular orbitals are formed from atomic orbitals. Would you expect them to be higher or lower in energy than o (sigma) molecular orbitals? (c) As the nuclear charge increases, the energies of all orbitals are lowered, as shown in the figure below for homonuclear diatomics. Why does this happen?

For molecules containing atoms with electrons in p orbitals, energy-level diagrams become more complex. Core electrons are usually omitted from MO energy level diagrams. Discuss with your group or the class the following: (a) Why are core electrons usually omitted? For the second-row diatomics what is the lowest MO formed from valence shell orbitals? (b) Describe how molecular orbitals are formed from atomic orbitals. Would you expect them to be higher or lower in energy than o (sigma) molecular orbitals? (c) As the nuclear charge increases, the energies of all orbitals are lowered, as shown in the figure below for homonuclear diatomics. Why does this happen?

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Concept explainers

Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Valence Bond Theory

Quantum mechanical treatment of valence bond theory refers to the relationship established between the quantum mechanical theory and the valence bond theory to describe the chemical bonding in a particular molecule.

Question

Second-row diatomics
For molecules containing atoms with electrons in p orbitals, energy-level diagrams become more complex. Core
electrons are usually omitted from MO energy level diagrams. Discuss with your group or the class the
following:
(a)
(b)
Why are core electrons usually omitted? For the second-row diatomics what is the lowest MO formed from
valence shell orbitals?
Describe how molecular orbitals are formed from atomic orbitals. Would you expect them to be higher
or lower in energy than a (sigma) molecular orbitals?
(c)
As the nuclear charge increases, the energies of all orbitals are lowered, as shown in the figure below for
homonuclear diatomics. Why does this happen?
620x
Li₂
Bez
1
0₂
F₂
Ne₂
p
#p
29
620
625
#20
Note: For molecules smaller than 02, the 2p orbital is higher in energy than the #2p orbitals. An explanation of
this can be found on your Moodle course page for those of you who are interested...

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