For molecules containing atoms with electrons in p orbitals, energy-level diagrams become more complex. Core electrons are usually omitted from MO energy level diagrams. Discuss with your group or the class the following: (a) Why are core electrons usually omitted? For the second-row diatomics what is the lowest MO formed from valence shell orbitals? (b) Describe how molecular orbitals are formed from atomic orbitals. Would you expect them to be higher or lower in energy than o (sigma) molecular orbitals? (c) As the nuclear charge increases, the energies of all orbitals are lowered, as shown in the figure below for homonuclear diatomics. Why does this happen?

For molecules containing atoms with electrons in p orbitals, energy-level diagrams become more complex. Core electrons are usually omitted from MO energy level diagrams. Discuss with your group or the class the following: (a) Why are core electrons usually omitted? For the second-row diatomics what is the lowest MO formed from valence shell orbitals? (b) Describe how molecular orbitals are formed from atomic orbitals. Would you expect them to be higher or lower in energy than o (sigma) molecular orbitals? (c) As the nuclear charge increases, the energies of all orbitals are lowered, as shown in the figure below for homonuclear diatomics. Why does this happen?

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

A student claims that if element D is in group 18, then the molecular geometry of DF4(g) is square planar. Do you agree or disagree with the student? Justify your answer in terms of the VSEPR theory.
Which statement about the charge-minimized Lewis structure of the thiocyanate anion (SCN) is true? (Charges not shown in the Lewis structure.) The central carbon atom has a positive charge in the Lewis structure. The central carbon is sp2-hybridized. There is one formal negative charge. There are two n-bonds oriented at 180° to one another.
H2CO molecules (a) use orbital hybridization theory to determine the molecular shape of h2co. (b) what bonds are formed between the c and o atoms in formaldehyde molecules?
Part A) Draw the following lewis structures and give the formal charges for the atoms as well as the number of valence electrons I2 Part B)According to VSEPR theory, why are bonds and lone pairs spaced as far apart as possible? Part C)Why can we ignore the disposition of the lone pairs on terminal atoms? Part D)What are the bond angles for a molecule having an octahedral electronic geometry with two lone pairs and four bonds on the central atom?
1. Draw the Lewis structures for each of the following ions or molecules. For each, give (i) the molecular shape, (ii) the electron pair geometry at the central atom, and (iii) the hybridization of the central atom. (a) POF3 (b) XeO₂F3+ (c) BrCl₂ (d) N3 (the central atom is N; two other N's are bonded to it) (e) PF3
22). Draw a Lewis structure for cyanamide, NH₂CN, where all atoms have formal charge of zero. Then use the Lewis Structure to sketch a bonding diagram for NH₂CN. Include all overlapping orbitals, and orbitals containing lone pair electrons. Use hybrid orbitals for the carbon and the nitrogen atoms. Make sure to label all orbitals appropriately as (sp, sp2, sp³, 2p, 1s...). Identify all bonding interactions as σ oг л.
(a) Using the molecular orbital model, write the valence electron configuration for CN and use it to calculate the bond order. Is the species paramagnetic? Bond order = Paramagnetic? (b) Using the molecular orbital model, write the valence electron configuration for CO and use it to calculate the bond order. Is the species paramagnetic? Bond order = Paramagnetic?
For Carbon B (CB) and nitrogen (N), draw orbital energy diagrams showing the orbitalsinvolved in bonding after hybridization. Be sure to fill the orbitals appropriately with valenceelectrons.
Consider the Lewis Structure for the molecule, SeF4. On your own, make a sketch of the VSEPR shape, and use that to answer the following questions: :F: F-Se-F: :F: Part A What is the electronic geometry of this molecule? O trigonal bipyramidal O t-shaped O trigonal pyramidal O tetrahedral O square planar see-saw O octahedral O O O
Prepare a molecular orbital energy diagram for SH-, including sketches of the orbital shapes and the number of electrons in each of the orbitals
Draw a Lewis diagram(s) for the ozone molecule (O3). Determine the steric number and hybridization of the central oxygen atom, and identify the molecular geometry. Describe the nature of the p bonds and give the bondorder of the O-O bonds in ozone.
3. Carefully consider the relevant factors and then estimate the bond angles in the molecule NO:Cl. Draw the Lewis structures and show that the atom geometry is trigonal planar but the actual bond angles deviate from the ideal 120°. Two of the are 115°, and the other is 130°. Identify which two bond angles are 115°, and which bond angle is 130°.