For a riboswitch that controls transcription, the binding of a small molecule such as TPP controls whether the RNA a. has an antiterminator or terminator stem-loop. b. has a Shine-Dalgarno antisequestor or the Shine-Dalgarno sequence within a stem-loop. c. is degraded from its 5′ end. d. has an antiterminator or terminator stem-loop and has a Shine-Dalgarno antisequestor or the Shine-Dalgarno sequence within a stem-loop
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
For a riboswitch that controls transcription, the binding of a small molecule such as TPP controls whether the RNA
a. has an antiterminator or terminator stem-loop.
b. has a Shine-Dalgarno antisequestor or the Shine-Dalgarno sequence within a stem-loop.
c. is degraded from its 5′ end.
d. has an antiterminator or terminator stem-loop and has a Shine-Dalgarno antisequestor or the Shine-Dalgarno sequence within a stem-loop
Bacteria are genetically regulated by RNA, they use a ribonucleic acid sequence encoded within mRNA that directly affects the expression of genes encoded in the full transcript called a cis-acting element. They are called cis-acting elements because they act on the same molecule that it is coded in.
Riboswitches are the regulatory mRNA elements that bind metabolites or metal ions as ligands and regulate mRNA structure by the production of alternative structures in response to ligand binding.
Riboswitches are generally (but not always) located in the 5’UTR region of a bacterial mRNA that regulates the signals for transcription attenuation or translational initiation. In some eukaryotic mRNA, the TPP(thiamine pyrophosphate) riboswitch regulates splicing at the 3’ end but not at the 5’end.
Riboswitches that regulate translational initiation, utilizes the switching sequence that exposes or occlude Shine-Dalgarno sequence which is a ribosomal binding site.
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