Figure P2.33 shows a portion of the H,O-NaCl phase diagram. 10 Liquid (brine) Salt Ice + -10 F liquid (brine) liquid (brine) -20 Ice + salt -30 NaCI 10 20 30 H2O 100 90 80 70 FIGURE P2.33 Composition, weight % a. Using the diagram, briefly explain how spreading salt on ice causes the ice to melt. Show numerical examples in your discussion. b. At a salt composition of 10%, what is the temperature at which ice will start melting? c. What is the eutectic temperature of the ice and salt combination? Temperature, °C

Figure P2.33 shows a portion of the H,O-NaCl phase diagram. 10 Liquid (brine) Salt Ice + -10 F liquid (brine) liquid (brine) -20 Ice + salt -30 NaCI 10 20 30 H2O 100 90 80 70 FIGURE P2.33 Composition, weight % a. Using the diagram, briefly explain how spreading salt on ice causes the ice to melt. Show numerical examples in your discussion. b. At a salt composition of 10%, what is the temperature at which ice will start melting? c. What is the eutectic temperature of the ice and salt combination? Temperature, °C

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Temperature effects on atom arrangements

Atoms are the smallest units of matter. Atoms can be subdivided into electrons, protons, and several other subatomic particles. Groups or combinations of atoms form molecules that primarily decide the property and behavior of materials. These molecules have the property to attract other molecules based on the valence electrons in the atoms' outermost orbit. An orderly arrangement of molecules is known as crystal structure, which forms the fundamental topic of concern in materials science and engineering. The arrangement of molecules is different for different materials and hence, each material exhibits different lattice arrangements. The lattice arrangements are functions of external loads, deformations, and temperature. On experiencing high temperatures or low temperatures, the behavior of the lattice arrangement of a material change.

Question

Figure P2.33 shows a portion of the H,O-NaCl phase diagram.
10
Liquid
(brine)
Salt
Ice
+
-10 F
liquid
(brine)
liquid
(brine)
-20
Ice + salt
-30
NaCI
10
20
30
H2O 100
90
80
70
FIGURE P2.33
Composition, weight %
a. Using the diagram, briefly explain how spreading salt on ice causes the
ice to melt. Show numerical examples in your discussion.
b. At a salt composition of 10%, what is the temperature at which ice will
start melting?
c. What is the eutectic temperature of the ice and salt combination?
Temperature, °C

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