Answer the following questions and annotate the text. Federalist # 51Federalist Papers: No. 51 - James MadisonThe Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between theDifferent DepartmentsExcerpt 1:In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between twodistinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separatedepartments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments willcontrol each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. Second. It is of great importance ina republic not only to guard the society against the oppression of its rulers, but to guard one part of thesociety against the injustice of the other part. Different interests necessarily exist in different classes ofcitizens. If a majority be united by a common interest, the rights of the minority will be insecure.1) What is the "Double Security" created by the new Constitution?Excerpt 2:How shall we maintain the necessary separation of power among the several departments ofgovernment? The only answer that can be given is that the departments themselves keep each other in theirproper places.Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The self-interest of the man must be connected with thepowers of the position. It may be a sad reflection on human nature, that such methods should be necessaryto control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections onhuman nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, nocontrols on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by menover men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and inthe next place force it to control itself.A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience hastaught mankind the necessity of extra precautions. We will see it displayed in all the subdivisions of power,where the constant aim is to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that each may be acheck on the other; the self interest of every individual will become a sentinel over the public rights.1) What part of human nature does Madison intend to use to control politicians behavior? How doeshe plan to use it?2) What does this tell us about Madison's view of human nature?

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Federalist Papers: No. 51- James Madison The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments Excerpt 1: In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. Second. It is of great importance in a republic not only to guard the society against the oppression of its rulers, but to guard one part of the society against the injustice of the other part, Different interests necessarily exist in different classes of citizens. If a majority be united by a common interest, the rights of the minority will be insecure. 1) What is the "Double Security" created by the new Constitution?

Federalist Papers: No. 51- James Madison The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments Excerpt 1: In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. Second. It is of great importance in a republic not only to guard the society against the oppression of its rulers, but to guard one part of the society against the injustice of the other part, Different interests necessarily exist in different classes of citizens. If a majority be united by a common interest, the rights of the minority will be insecure. 1) What is the "Double Security" created by the new Constitution?