If a population of white throated sparrows was found in a much warmer climate, where homozygous white throated individuals (super white throats) were as common as homozygous tan individuals, what could you conclude? White alleles are poisonous White alleles have environmental dependent expression White alleles are nonsense mutations White alleles code for stop codons zd. If there is a gain-of-function mutation in the white throat allele, what might you expect to happen [more than one can be correct]? Sparrow party to celebrate the new function Increased numbers of homozygous white individuals Increased numbers of white-striped inidividuals breeding with white-striped individuals Lots of researchers wondering why tan-striped individuals can't breed with each other

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ZC
If a population of white throated sparrows was found in a much
warmer climate, where homozygous white throated individuals
(super white throats) were as common as homozygous tan
individuals, what could you conclude?
White alleles are poisonous
White alleles have environmental dependent expression
White alleles are nonsense mutations
White alleles code for stop codons
zd.
If there is a gain-of-function mutation in the white throat allele,
what might you expect to happen [more than one can be correct]?
Sparrow party to celebrate the new function
Increased numbers of homozygous white individuals
Increased numbers of white-striped inidividuals breeding with
white-striped individuals
Lots of researchers wondering why tan-striped individuals
can't breed with each other
Transcribed Image Text:ZC If a population of white throated sparrows was found in a much warmer climate, where homozygous white throated individuals (super white throats) were as common as homozygous tan individuals, what could you conclude? White alleles are poisonous White alleles have environmental dependent expression White alleles are nonsense mutations White alleles code for stop codons zd. If there is a gain-of-function mutation in the white throat allele, what might you expect to happen [more than one can be correct]? Sparrow party to celebrate the new function Increased numbers of homozygous white individuals Increased numbers of white-striped inidividuals breeding with white-striped individuals Lots of researchers wondering why tan-striped individuals can't breed with each other
Za White throated sparrows have a super gene on chromosome 2.
Supergenes are clusters of physically linked, co-evolving genes
that often control complex traits (Campagna 2016 Current Biology
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.005). Super genes, such as
in white throated sparrows, can be caused by inversions.
Tan-striped
(TS)
White-striped
(WS)
(Figure from Maney et al. 2020 Hormones and Behaviour,
10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104850)
How do inversions cause super genes?
☐
There is so much extra genetic material that mutations are
more common
00
☐
Inversions make chromosomes bigger, aka super
Inversions bring genes that weren't originally together into
contact
Inversions can affect recombination, so haplotypes are formed
and maintained
2b.
White throated sparrows have been called 'the bird with four sexes'
because of their supergene. Within white throated sparrows there
is 'disassortative mating' for alleles at this super gene - every
breeding pair has one individual who has a tan throat, and one
individual with a white throat (Tuttle et al. 2016, Current Biology,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.069). Tan striped sparrows
are homozygous whereas white striped sparrows are heterozygous.
From this, we conclude which of the following about the super
gene:
0000
White throat homozygotes could be inviable
Tan alleles are haploinsufficent
White alleles are 'poisonous'
Multiple genes in the super gene are interacting
Transcribed Image Text:Za White throated sparrows have a super gene on chromosome 2. Supergenes are clusters of physically linked, co-evolving genes that often control complex traits (Campagna 2016 Current Biology http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.005). Super genes, such as in white throated sparrows, can be caused by inversions. Tan-striped (TS) White-striped (WS) (Figure from Maney et al. 2020 Hormones and Behaviour, 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104850) How do inversions cause super genes? ☐ There is so much extra genetic material that mutations are more common 00 ☐ Inversions make chromosomes bigger, aka super Inversions bring genes that weren't originally together into contact Inversions can affect recombination, so haplotypes are formed and maintained 2b. White throated sparrows have been called 'the bird with four sexes' because of their supergene. Within white throated sparrows there is 'disassortative mating' for alleles at this super gene - every breeding pair has one individual who has a tan throat, and one individual with a white throat (Tuttle et al. 2016, Current Biology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.069). Tan striped sparrows are homozygous whereas white striped sparrows are heterozygous. From this, we conclude which of the following about the super gene: 0000 White throat homozygotes could be inviable Tan alleles are haploinsufficent White alleles are 'poisonous' Multiple genes in the super gene are interacting
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