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Explain what happens during a supernova, what features it produces, and the process of nucleosynthesis

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Question 12 Nuclear fusion is a process which releases large amounts of energy and takes place in the core of stars like our Sun. Explain what is meant by nuclear fusion and the conditions necessary for it to take place. [about 150 words TUTARIA xecfureter pitztenen fargeping tontien SEAGA tallerkitty KAMIRIKIA Tantaastattes Forterrebenta Tank-Taric Hartafferies Whyteuffer ENDRERITAT ESFISSTEHALE SUSECTIONE STMENTEEL itaftarly RICERCAGE evements teleidens RISTISTATASTE athleschicht JEZERSITE GAMBAR 4315742424 Satelit Stimale Ras MUJERESES Sosyesyevelse 284 SHITA BRAWLIBETTEREM Intermit GIGIRIGEN EN ANDJESTHE LAE THUIZEMIE BURE POTESISIHAE JITHASEL
A main sequence star of mass 25 M⊙has a luminosity of approximately 80,000 L⊙. a. At what rate DOES MASS VANISH as H is fused to He in the star’s core? Note: When we say “mass vanish '' what we really mean is “gets converted into energy and leaves the star as light”. Note: approximate answer: 3.55 E14 kg/s b. At what rate is H converted into He? To do this you need to take into account that for every kg of hydrogen burned, only 0.7% gets converted into energy while the rest turns into helium. Approximate answer = 5E16 kg/s c. Assuming that only the 10% of the star’s mass in the central regions will get hot enough for fusion, calculate the main sequence lifetime of the star. Put your answer in years, and compare it to the lifetime of the Sun. It should be much, much shorter. Approximate answer: 30 million years.
How much energy would be released if a star with a mass of 25 Msun and a radius of 10 Rsun detonates as a supernova explosion in 1 second? (Hint: think about the definition of binding energy). Express your answer in terms of solar luminosities.
Comment on the difference between a nova and supernova. [Note: There are two basic types of supernova.]
Natural gas (CH.) fuel relcases 50 MJ per kilogram of fuel combusted. The reaction is CH, + 20, CO2 + 2H;0 Calculate the energy released per kilogram of CO2 emitted. [Energy released is Eepe E, where Eris energy released per kilogram of fuel combusted, mf is mass of a kilogram-mole of fuel (CH.), and mr is mass of a kilogram-mole of carbon dioxide (CO2). The Molecular mass of an atom of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are 12, 1 and 16 respectively.]
A supernova’s energy is often compared to the total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime. Using the Sun’s current luminosity, calculate the total solar energy output, assuming a 1010 year main-sequence lifetime. Using Einstein’s formula E=mc2 calculate the equivalent amount of mass, expressed in Earth masses. [Hint: The total energy output of the Sun over its lifetime is given by its current luminosity times the number of seconds in a year times its ten billion-year lifetime; ; mass of earth = 6×1024kg; c = 3×108m/s. Your answer should be 200-300 Earth masses.]
In the star clusters shown, which one is younger and why?
Assume that the mass of the core of a star that just went Supernova type II is $2.5 \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ before and after the collapse, while the Radius changes from $10^3 \mathrm{~km}$, before the collapse, to 12 km , after the collapse respectively.(a) What is the change in potential energy of the core between the two stages before and after the collapse?(b) Knowing that the luminosity of the Sun is $4 \times 10^{26} \mathrm{~W}$ how many years would it take the Sun to release the same amount of energy?
Describe each of the following in detail, indicating their respective origins and the differences between them: Nova, Supernova type 1, Supernova type II.
Why does a type II supernova explode? in two sentences.