Explain how Vibrio cholerae causes cholera without apparent damage to the intestinal epithelium. a. This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an endotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete potassium ions. This induces small amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. b. This microbe causes destruction of the cellular structures underneath the intestinal epithelium—this is what induces the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. This leaves the overlying intestinal epithelium intact. c. This microbe directly invades the intestinal epithelial cells, but does not kill them. Instead, while multiplying inside them, it causes them to secrete large amounts of chloride ions. This induces water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. d. This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an exotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete chloride ions. This induces large amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. e. The inflammatory reaction to the presence of this microbe causes the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. Therefore, it's technically the immune response that initiates the disease, although this response is induced by the presence of the microbe on the intestinal epithelium

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Explain how Vibrio cholerae causes cholera without apparent damage to the intestinal epithelium. a. This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an endotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete potassium ions. This induces small amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. b. This microbe causes destruction of the cellular structures underneath the intestinal epithelium—this is what induces the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. This leaves the overlying intestinal epithelium intact. c. This microbe directly invades the intestinal epithelial cells, but does not kill them. Instead, while multiplying inside them, it causes them to secrete large amounts of chloride ions. This induces water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. d. This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an exotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete chloride ions. This induces large amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. e. The inflammatory reaction to the presence of this microbe causes the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. Therefore, it's technically the immune response that initiates the disease, although this response is induced by the presence of the microbe on the intestinal epithelium.

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