Q: Describe two mechanisms that bacteria use to invade via mucous membranes.
A: The membrane that lines the several body cavities is called the mucosal membrane. This membrane…
Q: What other factors may control the outcome of an infectiousdisease?
A: An infectious disease is the one that is caused by pathogenic microbes. These microbes can be…
Q: Describe the structural features of the human immunodeficiency virus and the host cell membrane that…
A: Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two human-infecting species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of…
Q: Describe the process of viral reproduction.
A: Viral reproduction includes six stages: attachement, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly,…
Q: Discuss how a pathogen causes an infection.
A: In this question, we have to answer, how pathogen cause disease.
Q: List the four cellular agents of bacterium that most antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics…
A: Antibiotics are the secondary metabolites that are secreted by a group of microbes that declines the…
Q: Explain about the Macrophage engulfing bacteria ?
A: Introduction Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…
Q: Explain about the Bacterial Diseases of Humans ?
A: Bacteria form a group of small unicellular organisms that are found nearly everywhere on Earth. They…
Q: Differentiate among the terms colonization, infection, and disease.
A: The immune system has a vital role in protecting the body from outside pathogens (bacteria, viruses,…
Q: At what specific sites within the body can the poliomyelitis virus multiply? What is the usual…
A: Virus refers to the infectious agent that replicates (or multiples) in the host cells. It comprises…
Q: What is meant by the following terms: granulomatous inflammation, gram-positive organism, and…
A: Given: Need to define the three given terms concisely. The bacteria are tiny microscopic…
Q: . Explain why antibiotics should not be used to treat viralinfections.
A: Antibiotics are medicines that help stop infections caused by bacteria. Azithromycin, metronidazole,…
Q: Explain how animal viral infections are treated and detected.
A: The animal viruses are small packages of protein with the nucleic acid. It consists of a capsid in…
Q: If a person contracted MRSA and no antibiotics are working on them, how would you go about finding a…
A: MRSA is an abbreviation for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It's a strain of staph…
Q: Define about different types of human diseaseare caused by bacteria ?
A: there are different types of diseases caused by bacteria in humans. bacteria are microorganisms that…
Q: Define the term pathogen and identify causal agents for a range of infectious diseases involving,…
A: A pathogen is an infectious biological agent capable of putting its host in a diseased state. They…
Q: Why do patients with XLA tend to contract infections associated withbacteria, more than viral…
A: Microorganisms or microbes are creatures that are only visible under the microscope. Various…
Q: How can a person acquire a viral infection?
A: Viruses are infectious agents that need a host cell to replicate and multiply. Viruses are composed…
Q: Identify at least 2 bacterial cell structures that are associated with virulence and pathogenicity.…
A: The ability to cause disease is known as pathogenicity, with pathogens varying in their ability. The…
Q: Trace the course of a disease in the accompanying graph.Identify stages (a) through (f), and relate…
A: INFECTION:- Disease-causing pathogens invade the host tissue, multiply inside the body. The…
Q: why are non-enveloped viruses generally more resistant to disinfectants than are enveloped viruses?
A: Viruses are small microscopic organisms usually containing RNA as a genome that is coverd by a…
Q: Correlate zoonotic bacterial infection and disease severity with bacterial virulence factors
A: Any infectious disease caused by a pathogen that has jumped from an animal to a human is known as…
Q: Discuss most common Bacterial Reproduction method, define generation time and the concept of…
A: Bacterial division can be divided into two parts-DNA replication and chromosome segregation, and a…
Q: Describe the properties of nonviral infectious particles.
A: The viruses are considered to be non-living when they are out of the host as they lack cellular…
Q: Identify three bacterial structures linked to virulence and pathogenicity.
A: Attachments (proteins attached to the cell surface), such as propellers and fimbriae; a cell…
Q: In both C. difficile–associated disease and bacterial vaginosis, the disease begins when the normal…
A: Intestinal microflora act as a primary line of defense against exogenous microbe invasion, and thus…
Q: Describe the appearance of the area surrounding the bacterial growth of b.cereus on left and…
A: Bacillus cereus is Rod shaped,gram positive. It produces anaerobic spores. It is usually a motile…
Q: Describe the infectious disease process
A: The infection disease process depends on how far the pathogen is able to proliferate itself even…
Q: Explain why coagulase positive bacteria are more pathogenic than coagulase negative bacteria
A: Coagulase is a protein enzyme produced by several microorganisms that enables the conversion of…
Q: What causes the viral plaques that appear on a bacterial lawnto stop growing larger?
A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside the host cells. They can infect all…
Q: Explain the role of ' resident flora' in preventing infection and as source of infection
A: Resident flora are permanent residents of body sites especially the skin, oropharynx, colon, and…
Q: Give an example of preventing infection for each element of the infection chain ?
A: Infection It is the process of interaction that occurs between pathogens and susceptible host. There…
Q: Reveal the weakest link in the chain of infection
A: BASIC INFORMATION INFECTIOUS AGENTS It is pathogens or the microorganisms which are responsible…
Q: Detail the key differences between lytic and nonlytic viral infection and provide an example of…
A: Phages are viruses that infect bacterial cells.
Q: Explain why a virus is considered living or not living?
A: Virus are considered intermediate between the living or non living. They are considered as living…
Q: Explain why antibacterial drugs are not effective againstvirus infections.
A: Antibacterial drugs are drugs that are designed to kill the pathogenic bacteria and the infected…
Q: Explain the nature of microorganism.
A: The microorganisms were first discovered by a microbiologist called Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek in the…
Q: Why are antibiotics ineffective against viral infections?
A: Antibiotics are chemical compounds that are either bacteriostatic or bactericidal, i.e. either they…
Q: differentiate between a viral infection and a bacterial infection?
A: Living organisms that are not visible to human eye but can be observed under a suitable microscope…
Q: Explain how key pathogens cause infection
A: Microbes can be located on, in, as well as around us. They can be found in almost every location on…
Q: How long does a virus infection last without antibiotics?
A: A drug that acts on bacteria is called antibiotics. They come from natural sources, semi-synthetic…
Q: Is a viral infection treatedwith the same kind of drugthat treats bacterialinfections?
A: The proliferation of harmful viruses inside the body of an organism causes viral infection. These…
Q: Define infectious dose, and explain its role in establishing infection.
A: Infections are a result of infectious doses. Organisms that spread these infections are known as…
Q: Compare and contrast bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis.
A: Bacterial vaginosis is caused by vaginal bacteria due to the excessive growth of this bacteria , on…
Q: Differentiate among lytic infection, latent infection, chronic infection,and transformation.
A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…
Explain clearly why a bacterial infection typically proceeds more slowly than a viral infection?
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- Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT: Question 3 options: A) they produce antibacterial chemicals. B) they compete with pathogens for nutrients. C) they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. D) they produce lysozyme.Explain three reasons why infection may not occur after microorganisms enter the body? Solve it.Explain why viral infections are difficult to treat.
- differentiate between a viral infection and a bacterial infection?Describe the four general mechanisms by which microorganisms cause disease.An infectious disease is a disease that is caused when a pathogen is passed from one organism to another. The nonliving pathogen is the a) Parasites b) Bacteria c) Virus d) Protozoa Please I need a surely answer and a quicker response
- Pathogenic infections induce damage to the host by a variety of mechanisms. While many mechanisms are direct effects of the pathogen, some damaging mechanisms result from the immune response to the infection. Examples of damage caused by the host immune response are: a) Exotoxin production, endotoxin b) Cell-mediated inmunity, direct cytopathic effect c) Endotoxin, inmmunune complexes d) Direct cythopathic effect, endotoxin e) Cell-mediated inmunity, inmmunune complexesa "persistent infection" is best described as: A) chronic infection in which viral genes are not expressed and viral proteins are NOT made B) an infection in which the viral nucleic acid does NOT persist/stay in the host cell C) A general term that describes all chronic/long-term infections D) chronic infection in which viral proteins are constantly made E) chronic infections that usually do NOT have a fatal outcomeWhich of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. Rhinovirus
- Choose one infectious disease from the list below and use the chain of infection to analyze how it is spread. A. Please provide a comprehensive description of cholera. B. Describe the chain of infection cholera. The chain of infection for the chosen infectious disease must clearly include the following: 1. Identification of a) the pathogen, b) the reservoir c) means of transmission d) the susceptible host 2. Describe how one could break the chain of cholera, such as breaking the pathogen link, by providing a specific intervention. 3. Include references and relevant data.Which of the following is a consideration in treating bacterial infections A) Bacteriostatic b) bactericidal c) broad spectrumEndotoxin is associated witha) Gram-positive bacteria.b) Gram-negative bacteria.c) the cytoplasmic membrane.d) endospores.