Exosomes were once thought to be a way a cell discards its waste.  Now we know that their normal role is in ______ and that they induce cancer progression by ____. a. cell to cell signaling; aiding metastasis. b. cell adhesion; expelling anti-cancer drugs from a cell. c. miRNA production; preparing secondary sites for cancer cell growth. d. cell communication; inducing growth of a primary tumor.

Q: The first step in the action of a growth factor isa. histone unwinding.b. binding to cell surface…

A: Answer is b.) binding to cell surface receptors.

Q: Often mutations in cyclin dependent kinases, CDKs, can cause cancer. This is because a. CDKs…

A: Cyclins are one which drives the cell cycle events by working with enzymes called Cyclin-dependent…

Q: The drug pump activity of Cancer stem cells can be explained by the overexpression of: a. Mdr1 b.…

A: Cancer is the state of uncontrolled cell division.

Q: The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of…

A: Cancer is a fatal disease that has both physical and mental consequences for a person. Cancer can…

Q: A mutated gene that codes for an altered version of Cdk that is active in the absence of cyclin is…

A: Cyclins drive the occasions of the phone cycle by collaborating with a group of chemicals called the…

Q: Which of the following best describes a gene that codes for a tumor-suppressor protein? a. One that…

A: Cell growth is the process by which cells gain mass and expand in size. Animal cells that are…

Q: which among the following makes this statement INCORI Once the tumor-suppressor gene which encodes…

A: Tumor suppressor gene  The gene which suppresses the growth and division of damaged cell.

Q: A tumor suppressor genea. inhibits cell division.b. opposes oncogenes.c. prevents cancer.d. is…

A: Tumor suppressor genes can act as gatekeepers or caretakers. Those which promote cell death are…

Q: Which among the following makes this statement INCORRECT? Once the tumor-suppressor gene which…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread…

Q: Why is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ?…

A: Genetic transformation happens when the genetic composition of an organism is transformed by the…

Q: Could a gene be involved in the growth of both stem cells and some kinds of cancer? Explain your…

A: in stem cells we have an important class of genes called proto-oncogenes [PO] with are necessary for…

Q: Which of these is a characteristic of cancer cells? a. They do not exhibit contact inhibition. b.…

A: Cancer cells are specialized cells that possess the ability of uncontrolled division, leading up to…

Q: If a is inactive, a cell may become cancerous. Ca. proto-oncogene b. tumor suppressor gene Cc.…

A: Cancer is the group of diseases. It involves the uncontrolled division of normal cells in the body.…

Q: You found a protein called X in colon cancer patients that is over-expressed and is associated with…

A: Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to other parts of…

Q: The role of p53 in normal cells is toa. create cancer-blocking mutations.b. trigger unrestrained…

A: Answer- P53 is the tumor supressing gene that is prensent in every cell. Any mutation in this leads…

Q: A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails to die when he adds an inducer of apoptosis to his…

A: Apoptosis is the programmed cell death. It occurs as a cell response to various signalling pathways,…

Q: In a healthy cell, which of the following proteins will be activated in order to suppress cell…

A: This protein controls cell division by acting as a tumor suppressor, which means that it prevents…

Q: Cells require growth factors from other cells to proliferate   B. Growth Factors must enter cell…

A: Growth factor signalling is a cell signalling pathway that regulates the growth and development of…

Q: Predict the effects of the following mutations on the ability of a cell to undergo apoptosis:a.…

A: KEY WORDS :- Mutations - Structure or the process of gene is changed or have any effect which can…

Q: Explain the theory behind how a normal cell turns into a malignant tumor cell and forms metastases.

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal growth of cells, which tend to proliferate in an…

Q: What is an induced pluripotent stem cell? a. A cell from which the nucleus has been removed b. A…

A: In multicellular living beings, stem cells are undifferentiated or part of the way separated cells…

Q: Why are cancers considered to be clonal in origin? O A They are considered clonal in origin because…

A: Cancer- It is a group of diseases that is commonly related to the uncontrolled proliferation of…

Q: Which of the following must scientists understand in order to create effective cancer treatments?…

A: Effective cancer treatment in the order of b a d c. b. Where cancer originated : Scientists first…

Q: What genetic material was used in this research?" 2. How does the completion of this research…

A: Cancer: It is a diseases that occur due to the uncontrolled division of cells. When the normal cells…

Q: In a wild-type cell, the function of a protein encoded by a tumor-suppressor gene is to cause a cell…

A: When a cell grows and divides uncontrolled it leads to the formation of an irregular mass of cells…

Q: The introduction of normal gene to the cell of a patient in order to replace defective one is called…

A: When a particular mutation is introduced in the DNA of an individual, the instructions code by the…

Q: Which of the following statements are correct about viruses and cancer (select all that appy)?   A.…

A: Viruses are not considered living beings because they lack life-like properties such "as the…

Q: Cancer is caused by many different types of gene mutations. Some mutations are in proto-oncogenes,…

A: Cells split into new cells so that the body uses them and cancer starts with this wonderful…

Q: When p53 is activated, a cell cannot progress:   A. throught M-phase B. from G2 into M phase C. From…

A: The p53 protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping…

Q: Normal (nonmutant) tumor-suppressor genes often functiona. as negative regulators of cell…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: You are looking at the results of a western blot from the lysates of cells harvested from a…

A: When you observe an increased expression of INK4-p16 in the lysates of cells harvested from a…

Q: Which of the following accurately compares tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes? A. Both…

A: Tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes are both types of genes that play important roles in…

Q: Hypermethylation is thought to contribute to cancer by a. inhibiting DNA replication. b. inhibiting…

A: DNA methylation is one of the intensely studied epigenetic modifications in mammals. The regulation…

Q: Describe the cell engineering process you would use to control the proliferation activities of stem…

A: Stem cells have the capacity to renew, regenerate and differentiate into specialized stem cells. The…

Q: Discuss the mechanisms by which transcription factors influence the reprogramming of somatic cells…

A: Somatic cells are similar to human beings in that they develop to fulfill a specific purpose in…

Q: In some cancer cells, a specific gene has been duplicated many times. Is this gene likely to be an…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of…

A: Part A. IFS are the ones that provide abundant buffering system in order to protect against…

Q: RASL11A gene is a tumor suppressor gene associated with spontaneous tumor shrinkage in Tasmanian…

A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…

Q: cancer-associated kinase.

A: Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (Src) is a kind of non-receptor tyrosine kinase protein which…

Q: The following diagram indicates how the cell cycle progresses in typical human cells: INTERPHASE G₁…

A: Drugs targeted to reduce the spread of tumor cells work on the principle of inhibiting cell division…

Q: Tumors involve a malfunction in this cellular process. a. transcription b. translation c.…

A: Tumor  can be defined as the mass or lump of  the tissue that may resemble  the swelling.  All the…

Q: Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the…

A: There are a few important points : Abnormal proliferation of cells without differentiation and…

Q: Which of the following proteins would least likely promote arrest of cell division or apoptosis?…

A: Apoptosis:  A sort of planned cell death known as apoptosis, or "falling off," can place in…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.