Exceptions to the universality of the genetic code were once thought to be rare, but more and more exceptions are being found. As mentioned in the text, one study found that a significant proportion of bacteria in the environment use nonuniversal codons. Can you think of any advantages for an organism using nonuniversal codons?
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
Exceptions to the universality of the genetic code were once thought to
be rare, but more and more exceptions are being found. As mentioned
in the text, one study found that a significant proportion of bacteria in
the environment use nonuniversal codons. Can you think of any
advantages for an organism using nonuniversal codons?
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