Examples of ts Mutants Involved in DNA Replication in E. coli Gene Name Proteln Function Rapid-Stop Mutants a subunit of DNA polymerase III; synthesizes DNA T ubunit of DNA polymerase II; part of the clamp loader complex and also promotes the dimerization of two DNA polymerase III proteins at the replication fork dnaE dnaX dnan B subunit of DNA polymerase II functions as a clamp protein that makes DNA polymerase a processive enzyme y subunit of DNA polymerase III; helps the Bß subunit bind to the DNA dnaz dnaG Primase; needed to make RNA primers Hellcase; needed to unwind the DNA strands during replication dnaB Slow-Stop Mutants dnaA DnaA protein that recognizes the DnaA boxes at the origin Dnac protein that recruits DNA helicase to the origin dnac

Q: Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in…

A: Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual organism, specifically the combination of…

Q: 1. a)What would happen if the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase responsible for charging alanine tRNAs also…

A: The polymerization of amino acids according to the codons on mRNA to form proteins is known as…

Q: What is the molecular characteristic and phenotype of the silent mutation in multidrug resisitent…

A: Silent mutation are the mutations in DNA which do not have an phenotypic effect on the organism.…

Q: What is reverse tandem duplication?

A: Duplication is a type of mutation, which involves the production of one or more copies of a gene or…

Q: Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in…

A: Based on the given information, we know that the c and d mutations are recessive, and that both the…

Q: Yeast cells are grown with galactose as the sole carbon source and ATP levels are abundant. Describe…

A: GAL genes: The GAL genes, which include structural (GAL1, GAL10, GAL2, and GAL7) and regulatory…

Q: What is a heterochronic mutation? How does it affect the phenotypic outcome of an organism? What…

A: Mutation means sudden changes occur in DNA sequences. The mutation occurs randomly. It also occurs…

Q: What is the sequence of the first five amino acids in the wildtype protein? Wildtype amino acid…

A: As we all know that the mRNA sequence consists of codon. Codon consists of three letters (hence,…

Q: “DNMT3L Connects Unmethylated Lysine 4 of Histone H3 to de novo Methylation of DNA,” the authors…

A: Figure a and b of the paper “DNMT3L Connects Unmethylated Lysine 4 of Histone H3 to de novo…

Q: The b1 allele encodes a transcription factor that stimulates production of anthocyanin, a purple…

A: It is given that seven tandem repeats were deleted that are located 100,000 bp upstream of the b1…

Q: Insulin is a peptide hormone encoded by the INS gene, which is on chromosome 11. Insulin is produced…

A: The hormone insulin is required by the body to reduce the level of blood glucose. The pancreatic…

Q: There are several instances which challenge the “one gene, one polypeptide” hypothesis. Describe TWO…

A: 1. Alternative splicing is a process that allows for the synthesis of numerous protein isoforms from…

Q: How does the HAEIII enzyme discriminate between the C-G polymorphism in the  TAS2R38  gene?

A: HaeIII catalyst cuts at the A GG:CC which is found at nucleotides 143-146 of the TAS2R38 gene.   The…

Q: Suppose a researcher has three different Drosophila strains that have mutations in the bicoid gene…

A: In Drosophila the bicoid is a maternal gene. Which function is to established the anterior part like…

Q: In the corn snake Pantherophis guttatus, there are several different color variants, including…

A: Introns are non-coding sequences and exons are coding sequences in the gene. Splicing is the process…

Q: After isolating six Neurospora mutations, you mate A and a representatives of each in all pairwise…

A: We can determine that there are at least 4 different genes represented in this experiment, with the…

Q: The phenotype of a heterozygous mouse (Aa) is agouti.  The agouti banding pattern is due to altered…

A: * Homozygous dominant and Heterozygous will produce agouti that is AA or Aa respectively  and the…

Q: A strain of Drosophila known as dunce produces one-half the amount of cAMP phosphodiesterase found…

A: In Drosophila, olfactory learning is mediated by the cAMP system. Neural stimulation causes the…

Q: What would be the effect of deleting the Dnmt3 gene in honeybees?

A: Insects are any animal of the class Insecta. It comprises small, air-breathing arthropods having…

Q: Next-generation sequencing reveals that six new mutations have occurred in the coding regions of…

A: Next-generation sequencing is the second-generation high throughput method used to identify the…

Q: In a mutant mouse, it was discovered that a gene "W" is moved from its original chromosomal locus to…

A: Introduction  A mutation is a change in the structure of a gene, which is the fundamental unit of…

Q: The HbβS(sickle-cell) allele of the human β-globingene changes the sixth amino acid in the…

A: Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder in which an improper folding of hemoglobin occurs. In this…

Q: Following a mutagenesis experiment to identify novel genes affecting the circadian clock in…

A: When two mutatnt organisms with same phenotypes are crossed and produce offspring with a wild type…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.