Every electron in an atom is described by a unique set of four quantum numbers: n, l, me, and ms. The principal quantum number, n, identifies the shell in which the electron is found. The angular momentum quantum number, &, indicates the kind of subshell. The magnetic quantum number, me distinguishes the orbitals within a subshell. The spin quantum number, ms, specifies the electron spin. Part A Identify which sets of quantum numbers are valid for an electron. Each set is ordered (n, l, me, m.). Check all that apply. ►View Available Hint(s) 3,2,1,1/2 4,3,1,-1/2 3,3,-2,-1/2 0,1,1,-1/2 3,1,-1.1/2 2,2,1,-1/2 2,-2,-2-1/2 3,-2-1,0 4,3,-4,1/2 2,1,0,1/2 3,0,0,1/2 3,3,1,1/2 Submit Previous Answers Request Answer Incorrect: Try Again: One attempt remaining

Every electron in an atom is described by a unique set of four quantum numbers: n, l, me, and ms. The principal quantum number, n, identifies the shell in which the electron is found. The angular momentum quantum number, &, indicates the kind of subshell. The magnetic quantum number, me distinguishes the orbitals within a subshell. The spin quantum number, ms, specifies the electron spin. Part A Identify which sets of quantum numbers are valid for an electron. Each set is ordered (n, l, me, m.). Check all that apply. ►View Available Hint(s) 3,2,1,1/2 4,3,1,-1/2 3,3,-2,-1/2 0,1,1,-1/2 3,1,-1.1/2 2,2,1,-1/2 2,-2,-2-1/2 3,-2-1,0 4,3,-4,1/2 2,1,0,1/2 3,0,0,1/2 3,3,1,1/2 Submit Previous Answers Request Answer Incorrect: Try Again: One attempt remaining

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter4: Introduction To Quantum Mechanics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 40P: When metallic sodium is dissolved in liquid sodium chloride, electrons are released into the liquid....

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Consider the orbitals shown here in outline. (a) What is the maximum number of electrons contained in an orbital of type (x)? Of type (y)? Of type (z)? (b) How many orbitals of type (x) are found in a shell with n=2? How many of type (y)? How many of type (z)? (c) Write a set of quantum numbers for an electron in an orbital of type (x) in a shell with n=4, of an orbital of type (y) in a shell with n=2. Of an orbital of type (z) in a shell with n=3. (d) What is the smallest possible n value for an orbital of type (x)? Of type (y)? Of type (z)? (e) What are the possible I and ml values for an orbital of type (x)? Of type (y)? Of type (z)?
Quantum mechanics predicts that the energy of the ground state of the H atom is 13.6eV . Insight into the magnitude of this quantity is gained by considering several methods by which it can be measured. (a) Calculate the longest wavelength of light that will ionize H atoms in their ground state. (b) Assume the atom is ionized by collision with an electron that transfers all its kinetic energy to the atom in the ionization process. Calculate the speed of the electron before the collision. Express your answer in meters per second (ms1) and miles per hour (milesh1) . (c) Calculate the temperature required to ionize a H atom in its ground state by thermal excitation. (Hint: Recall the criterion for thermal excitation of an oscillator in Planck’s theory of blackbody radiation is that hvkBT .)
The cesium atom has the lowest ionization energy, 375.7kJmol1 , of all the neutral atoms in the periodic table. What is the longest wavelength of light that could ionize a cesium atom? In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall?
The outermost electron in an alkali-metal atom is sometimes described as resembling an electron in the corresponding state of a one-electron atom. Compare the first ionization energy of lithium with the binding energy of a 2s electron in a one-electron atom that has nuclear charge Zeff , and determine the value of Zeff that is necessary for the two energies to agree. Repeat the calculation for the 3s electron of sodium and the 4s electron of potassium.
How does probability fit into the description of the atom?
(a) The nitrogen atom has one electron in each of the 2px , 2py , and 2pz orbitals. By using the form of the angular wave functions, show that the total electron density, 2(2px)+2(2py)+2(2pz) , is spherically symmetric (that is, it is independent of the angles and ). The neon atom, which has two electrons in each 2p orbital, is also spherically symmetric. (b) The same result as in part (a) applies to d orbitals, thus a filled or half-filled subshell of d orbitals is spherically symmetric. Identify the spherically symmetric atoms or ions among the following: F , Na, Si, S2,Ar+ , Ni, Cu, Mo, Rh, Sb, W, Au.
In the photoelectric effect, electrons are ejected from a metal surface when light strikes it. A certain minimum energy, Emin, is required to eject an electron. Any energy absorbed beyond that minimum gives kinetic energy to the electron. It is found that when light at a wavelength of 540 nm falls on a cesium surface, an electron is ejected with a kinetic energy of 2.601020J. When the wavelength is 400 nm, the kinetic energy is 1.541019J. (a) Calculate Emin for cesium in joules. (b) Calculate the longest wavelength, in nanometers, that will eject electrons from cesium.
The energies of macroscopic objects, as well as those of microscopic objects, are quantized, but the effects of the quantization are not seen because the difference in energy between adjacent states is so small. Apply Bohr’s quantization of angular momentum to the revolution of Earth (mass6.01024kg) , which moves with a speed of 3.0104ms1 in a circular orbit (radius1.51011m) about the sun. The sun can be treated as fixed. Calculate the value of the quantum number n for the present state of the Earthsun system. What would be the effect of an increase in n by 1?
Discuss briefly the difference between an orbit (as described by Bohr for hydrogen) and an orbital (as described by the more modern, wave mechanical picture of the atom).
Use the aufbau procedure to obtain the electron configuration and orbital diagram for atoms of the following elements. (a) Be (b) B (c) Ne (d) Rb
Cesium is used extensively in photocells and in television cameras because it has the lowest ionization energy of all the stable elements. (a) What is the maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron ejected from cesium by 520 nm light? Note that if the wavelength of the light used to irradiate the cesium surface becomes longer than 660 nm, no photoelectrons are emitted. (b) Use the rest mass of the electron to calculate the velocity of the photoelectron in (a).
Until recently, it was thought that Ca was unstable, and that the Ca atom therefore had a negative electron affinity. Some new experiments have now measured an electron affinity of +2.0kJmol1 for calcium. What is the longest wavelength of light that could remove an electron from Ca ? In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall?