During a radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure to destroy a cancerous liver tumor, an electrode catheter is inserted into the tumor and a 55.0 W AC source with frequency 765 kHz is used to generate radio frequency waves in the catheter. A typical electrode catheter is 1.00 cm in length and 8.00 mm in diameter. The deposition of energy into tumor cells by these radio waves is dependent on the specific absorption rate (SAR), measured in watts per kilogram, of the target tissue, given by SAR= 1 PEPm -IE12 where PE is the resistivity of the tissue, typically, 2.220 m for liver tumors, Pm is its mass density, typically 1.06 g/ml, and E is the magnitude of the electric field in the catheter. (a) What is the intensity (in W/m2) of radio frequency electromagnetic waves on the surface of the catheter? (Approximate the cathether as a solid cylinder, for which radio waves emanate from both flat faces and the curved surface.) 1.56E5 ✓ W/m² (b) What is the magnitude of the electric field (in kV/m) for these waves? X (c) What is the SAR (in W/kg) when the device is operated at 55.0 W? X (d) How does the wavelength of the RF waves compare to the size of the catheter? (Enter the ratio of the wavelength to the length of the catheter.) ARF catheter 39200
During a radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure to destroy a cancerous liver tumor, an electrode catheter is inserted into the tumor and a 55.0 W AC source with frequency 765 kHz is used to generate radio frequency waves in the catheter. A typical electrode catheter is 1.00 cm in length and 8.00 mm in diameter. The deposition of energy into tumor cells by these radio waves is dependent on the specific absorption rate (SAR), measured in watts per kilogram, of the target tissue, given by SAR= 1 PEPm -IE12 where PE is the resistivity of the tissue, typically, 2.220 m for liver tumors, Pm is its mass density, typically 1.06 g/ml, and E is the magnitude of the electric field in the catheter. (a) What is the intensity (in W/m2) of radio frequency electromagnetic waves on the surface of the catheter? (Approximate the cathether as a solid cylinder, for which radio waves emanate from both flat faces and the curved surface.) 1.56E5 ✓ W/m² (b) What is the magnitude of the electric field (in kV/m) for these waves? X (c) What is the SAR (in W/kg) when the device is operated at 55.0 W? X (d) How does the wavelength of the RF waves compare to the size of the catheter? (Enter the ratio of the wavelength to the length of the catheter.) ARF catheter 39200
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![During a radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure to destroy a cancerous liver tumor, an electrode catheter is inserted into the tumor, and a 55.0 W AC source with frequency 765 kHz is used to generate radio frequency waves in the catheter. A typical electrode catheter is 1.00 cm in length and 8.00 mm in diameter. The deposition of energy into tumor cells by these radio waves is dependent on the specific absorption rate (SAR), measured in watts per kilogram, of the target tissue, given by:
\[ \text{SAR} = \frac{1}{\rho_E \rho_m} |E|^2 \]
where \( \rho_E \) is the resistivity of the tissue, typically 2.22 Ω·m for liver tumors, \( \rho_m \) is its mass density, typically 1.06 g/ml, and \( E \) is the magnitude of the electric field in the catheter.
### Questions and Explanations:
(a) **What is the intensity (in W/m²) of radio frequency electromagnetic waves on the surface of the catheter?**
*(Approximate the catheter as a solid cylinder, for which radio waves emanate from both flat faces and the curved surface.)*
**Answer:** \( 1.56 \times 10^5 \) W/m²
(b) **What is the magnitude of the electric field (in kV/m) for these waves?**
**Answer:** Not provided.
(c) **What is the SAR (in W/kg) when the device is operated at 55.0 W?**
**Answer:** Not provided.
(d) **How does the wavelength of the RF waves compare to the size of the catheter?**
*(Enter the ratio of the wavelength to the length of the catheter.)*
**Answer:** \( \frac{\lambda_{RF}}{L_{\text{catheter}}} = 39200 \)
### Diagram Explanation:
There is no specific diagram, but the formulas and values pertain to the energy transmitted and absorbed by tissues during the RFA procedure, emphasizing calculations for electric fields, SAR, and wave comparisons.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F5f1b7c10-7ca4-413c-bb43-fe1a15020101%2F4e455c5b-26f5-403f-a8f4-10d957a9b525%2Ftnsvqui_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:During a radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure to destroy a cancerous liver tumor, an electrode catheter is inserted into the tumor, and a 55.0 W AC source with frequency 765 kHz is used to generate radio frequency waves in the catheter. A typical electrode catheter is 1.00 cm in length and 8.00 mm in diameter. The deposition of energy into tumor cells by these radio waves is dependent on the specific absorption rate (SAR), measured in watts per kilogram, of the target tissue, given by:
\[ \text{SAR} = \frac{1}{\rho_E \rho_m} |E|^2 \]
where \( \rho_E \) is the resistivity of the tissue, typically 2.22 Ω·m for liver tumors, \( \rho_m \) is its mass density, typically 1.06 g/ml, and \( E \) is the magnitude of the electric field in the catheter.
### Questions and Explanations:
(a) **What is the intensity (in W/m²) of radio frequency electromagnetic waves on the surface of the catheter?**
*(Approximate the catheter as a solid cylinder, for which radio waves emanate from both flat faces and the curved surface.)*
**Answer:** \( 1.56 \times 10^5 \) W/m²
(b) **What is the magnitude of the electric field (in kV/m) for these waves?**
**Answer:** Not provided.
(c) **What is the SAR (in W/kg) when the device is operated at 55.0 W?**
**Answer:** Not provided.
(d) **How does the wavelength of the RF waves compare to the size of the catheter?**
*(Enter the ratio of the wavelength to the length of the catheter.)*
**Answer:** \( \frac{\lambda_{RF}}{L_{\text{catheter}}} = 39200 \)
### Diagram Explanation:
There is no specific diagram, but the formulas and values pertain to the energy transmitted and absorbed by tissues during the RFA procedure, emphasizing calculations for electric fields, SAR, and wave comparisons.
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