DNA in the form of a double helix must be associated with cations, usually Mg²+ . Why is this requirement the case?

Q: Explain how in some cases a single nucleotide change in a DNA sequence can have very detrimental…

A: Mutations is the sudden heritable change in the make up of gene. Mutation basically occur by…

Q: Glycosylation is a major type of protein post-translational modification. Identify the amino acid…

A: Cavalent or generally enzymatic reactions takr place after or during translation are termed as post…

Q: When proteins recognize and bind to a specific sequence in DNA, why do they usually just recognize…

A: DNA binding proteins are proteins that bind to single or double stranded DNA generally in the major…

Q: Describe three outcomes of base substitutions.

A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most…

Q: Within a protein, certain amino acids are positively charged (e.g.,lysine and arginine), some are…

A: DNA or the deoxyribonucleic is the defined genetic material and it is made up of a base, deoxyribose…

Q: Describe the chemical differences between a ribonucleoside triphosphate and a deoxyribonucleoside…

A: Ribonucleotide triphosphate (RNTPs) and Deoxyribonucleotide monophosphate they are used in…

Q: What are the names that we use to distinguish between the two strands of DNA with regards to the…

A: DNA is a double helical structure which had two strands that run in Antiparallel direction.  This…

Q: The amino acids leucine and threonine in general tolerate being in an alpha helix. However having…

A: α-Helix is formed by the hydrogen bonding between the backbone atoms of the polypeptide chain or…

Q: Bidentate interactions are those where two or more hydrogen bonds are made with a base or base pair.…

A: Introduction  A base pair is a fundamental building block of double-stranded nucleic acids made up…

Q: Describe the process by which pyrimidine nucleotides are produced.

A: A Pyrimidines and purines are two types of nitrogenous bases present in nucleotides. Pyrimidines,…

Q: Identify the number of amino acids per 360o turn of an alpha helix. Given this information, how many…

A: Proteins are composed of higher folding of linear chain amino acids adjoined via peptide linkages.…

Q: RNA differs from DNA in that: a) The ribose in RNA nucleotides contains fewer oxygen atoms than does…

A: DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer. Which is composed of two polynucleotide chain. That chain…

Q: Which part of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule provides the energy for DNA synthesis?

A: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It stores the genetic information in form of nucleotides.

Q: The hydrophobic effect explains why: O Water regulates pH in the interstitial fluid between…

A: The propensity of nonpolar compounds to collect in an aqueous solution and keep out water molecules…

Q: Draw the structure of the RNA dinucleotide formed between cytidine-5’-monophosphate and…

A: Nucleic acid can be of 2 types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid)   Nucleic acids…

Q: The formation of deoxyribonucleotide from ribonucleotide requires all the following except:…

A: A nucleotide is the basic part of nucleic acid that contains nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine,…

Q: Would the base pair Guanosine and Cytosine be more or less stable at pH 10

A: The stability of a base pair like Guanosine (G) and Cytosine (C) can be influenced by pH, but in the…

Q: The genetic code is redundant (i.e., most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon). Why is…

A: Redundancy refers to differences in the third base of the codons coding for the same amino acid.

Q: The enzyme thiouridylase converts certain tRNA uridine residues to 2-thiouridine. Draw the structure…

A: Enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of any chemical reaction without being used…

Nucleotides

It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). 

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.