Determine each of the following items using the hnRNA nucleotide sequence (enter the answer using the dash). exon intron exon 3' CAAG - AUGC - CGUAC 5' (a) The sequence of bases on the DNA template strand from which the hnRNA was synthesized: 3' 5' (b) The sequence of bases on the DNA informational strand used to synthesize the hnRNA: 5' 3' (c) The sequence of bases in the mRNA produced from the hnRNA:

If the genetic code used 4 bases at a time, how many amino acids could be encoded?

Transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence (nontemplate strand): 5’-ATGGCCGGTTATTAAGCA-3’

Multiple Replication Forks in E. coli II On the basis of Figure 28.2, draw a simple diagram illustrating replication of the circular E. coli chromosome (a) at an early stage, (b) when one-third completed, (c) when two-thirds completed, and (d) when almost finished, assuming the initiation of replication at oriC has occurred only once. Then, draw a diagram showing the E. coli chromosome in problem 3 where the E. coli cell is dividing every 20 minutes.

An adult with a history of tanning has his genome sequenced. The beginning of a protein-coding region of his DNA reads ATGGGGATATGGCAT. If the protein-coding region of a healthy adult reads ATGGGGATATGAGCAT, identify the site and type of mutation.

Below is a sequence of 540 bases from a genome. What information would you use to find the beginnings and ends of open reading frames? How many open reading frames can you find in this sequence? Which open reading frame is likely to represent a protein- coding sequence, and why? Which are probably not functioning protein-coding sequences, and why? Note: for simplicitys sake, analyze only this one strand of the DNA double helix, reading from left to right, so you will only be analyzing three of the six reading frames shown in Figure 19.4.

A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X that degrades a subunit of the elF4F complex. Knowing that this virus transcribes its own mRNAs in the cytoplasm of human cells, why would Protein X be an effective virulence factor?

Given the following tRNA anticodon sequence, derive the mRNA and the DNA template strand. Also, write out the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by this message. tRNA: UAC UCU CGA GGC mRNA: protein: How many hydrogen bonds would be present in the DNA segment?

Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the introduction of mutations. If nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA at a rate of 20 nucleotides/second and the human genome contains 3 billion nucleotides, how long will replication take? How is this time reduced so that replication can take place in a few hours?

What Art the Features of the Series of -omes? Define the following terms: a. Genome b. Transcriptome c. Proteome d. Metabolome e. Fluxome