**Question: Describe the different methods the cells use to restrict proteins to specific regions of the plasma membrane.****Answer:**The cells utilize several mechanisms to restrict proteins to specific regions of the plasma membrane, ensuring that cellular processes are localized and precisely regulated. The primary methods include:1. **Lipid Rafts:** - Membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts, rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids, can sequester and compartmentalize certain proteins. 2. **Tethering to the Cytoskeleton:** - Proteins can be anchored to the cytoskeleton (actin filaments, microtubules) via linker proteins, preventing their lateral diffusion across the membrane. 3. **Interaction with Extracellular Matrix:** - Some proteins are anchored to the extracellular matrix through transmembrane linkers, confining them to specific areas. 4. **Submembrane Protein Interaction:** - Proteins can also be restricted by interacting with other membrane proteins or complexes in specific regions. 5. **Establishment of Diffusion Barriers:** - Cells can create physical barriers, such as tight junctions in epithelial cells, limiting lateral movement of proteins between different membrane domains.6. **Directed Trafficking:** - Directed vesicular transport pathways selectively deliver proteins to specific membrane regions. 7. **Endocytosis and Recycling:** - Proteins can be internalized through endocytosis and then recycled back to specific membrane regions, maintaining their localization.Understanding these cellular mechanisms is crucial for comprehending how cells maintain their polarity, organize signaling pathways, and coordinate complex activities.

Biological membranes separate into specialized functional regions with different compositions that…

Answered: Describe the different methods the…

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Biology

Describe the different methods the cells use to restrict proteins to specific regions of the plasma membrane.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11RE

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

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