Please answer A and D A common symptom of otitis media in young children is the prolonged presence of fluid in the middle ear, known as middle-ear effusion. The presence of fluid may result in temporary hearing loss and interfere with normal learning skills in the first 2 years of life. One hypothesis is that babies who are breastfed for at least 1 month build up some immunity against the effects of the infection and have less prolonged effusion than do bottle-fed babies. A small study of 24 pairs of babies is set up, in which the babies are matched on a one-to-one basis according to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and type of medications taken. One member of the matched pair is a breastfed baby, and the other member is a bottle-fed baby. The outcome variable is the duration of middle-ear effusion after the first episode of otitis media. The results are given in the table below.Duration of Middle-Ear Effusion in Breastfed and Bottle-Fed BabiesPair NumberDuration of Effusion inBreastfed Baby (days)Duration of Effusion inBottle-Fed Baby (days)12019211363364241815766283275822487793956101777111718512123013524014141515122216302717781815281965782010112178221917233429242519 (a) Suppose we're interested detecting whether there is a significant difference in the duration of effusion depending on whether a baby is breastfed versus if they are bottle-fed. What hypothesesare being tested here (in days)? (Enter != for as needed.)HoH₁:xA=0Check which variable(s) should be in your answer.(b) Why might a nonparametric test be useful in testing the hypotheses?O The samples of breastfed babies and bottle-fed babies are dependent, but the only parametric tests that can compare differences between two samples require the assumption thatboth samples are independent of one another.O Both samples of breastfed babies and bottle-fed babies appear to be highly skewed and contain outliers, so an assumption of normality in the underlying distributions is unlikely tohold.The differences in duration of effusion for the pairs of breastfed and bottle-fed babies appear to be highly skewed with multiple outliers, so an assumption of normality in theunderlying distribution is unlikely to hold.O The samples of breastfed babies and bottle-fed babies are independent, but the only parametric tests that can compare differences between two samples require the assumption thatboth samples are dependent on one another.(c) Which nonparametric test should be used here?Othe Wilcoxon signed-rank testO the sign testO the Wilcoxon rank-sum test(d) Test the hypothesis that the duration of effusion is different among breastfed babies than among bottle-fed babies using a nonparametric test. (Use Breastfed - Bottle-Fed. Use α = 0.05.)Find the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)TV ✔T =Use technology to find the p-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)p-value =

Note that I used SPSS for calculations.

Answered: (d) Test the hypothesis that the…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Please answer A and D

A common symptom of otitis media in young children is the prolonged presence of fluid in the middle ear, known as middle-ear effusion. The presence of fluid may result in temporary hearing loss and interfere with normal learning skills in the first 2 years of life. One hypothesis is that babies who are breastfed for at least 1 month build up some immunity against the effects of the infection and have less prolonged effusion than do bottle-fed babies. A small study of 24 pairs of babies is set up, in which the babies are matched on a one-to-one basis according to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and type of medications taken. One member of the matched pair is a breastfed baby, and the other member is a bottle-fed baby. The outcome variable is the duration of middle-ear effusion after the first episode of otitis media. The results are given in the table below.

Duration of Middle-Ear Effusion in Breastfed and Bottle-Fed Babies