Caffeine is a stimulant found in coffee, tea, soft drinks and other drinks and foods. After consumption, caffeine is absorbed into the blood stream and carried throughout the body and to the brain. In moderate amounts (~300 mg per day) it causes increased attentiveness, it reduces feelings of fatigue, and it enables most people to think clearly and concentrate for longer periods. Caffeine also increases heart rate and rate of respiration. In large quantities (>600 mg per day) its effects are magnified. People sometimes feel irritable, distracted and tense. People often use caffeine to increase mental alertness. Some people are more sensitive than others to the effects of caffeine. People who consume caffeine regularly may build up a tolerance to its effects. Further, since caffeine is mildly addictive, people who regularly consume caffeine may experience some withdrawal effects if they stop consumption. The StudyIn this study, three people each consumed varying levels of caffeine and recorded how they were feeling on a daily basis. Caffeine was administered at8 am on day 1, day 2, day 3. Subjects didn’t know how much caffeine (or if any) they were consuming each day. Day 1 – Caffeine dose: 100 mgDay 2 – Caffeine dose: 300 mgDay 3 – Caffeine dose 600 mgSubjects were asked not to consume any caffeine outside the administered dose for the three days of the study.Answer these 4 questions 4. How could you improve this experiment in order to collect better data? 5. What are the ethical concerns with an experiment such as this and how could these be addressed? 6. What are the limitations of this experiment (eg. sample size)? How could these be addressed? 7. How does this experiment impact your decision making? 8. Pose at least one question you still have about the effects of caffeine on the human body. 0Person AMale, 24 years old, semi-active lifestyleUsually drinks 3-4 cups of coffee (250-350 mg caffeine) per dayDay 1 I felt pretty normal first thing this morning, but by the time I got to work Icould feel a headache coming on. The headache got worse throughout themorning. I felt groggy all morning. It was very difficult to focus on mywork. I was tired and unmotivated.By the end of the day my headache was down to a dull pain and I wasexhausted.Day 2 Had a pretty good sleep last night, except for that lingering headache. Theheadache was still persisting first thing this morning, but went away byabout 9:00 am. I felt normal today-an average amount of energy and anormal level of concentration at work.Day 3 I had a good sleep last night. Thank goodness that awful headache wentaway! I woke up feeling rested. Around mid- morning my heart rate felta bit fast, but it leveled out after not too long. I felt alert at work: maybea bit too alert. I had several.Person BMale, 38 years old, very activelifestyle Usually avoids caffeineDay 19 am-increase in heart rate morning-attentive to tasks at work afternoon-stillattentive to tasks at workevening went to the gym and had a great workout! 11 pm-still awake, should be sleeping by nowDay 2 7 am a bit tired; should have gone to bed earlier 9 amhyper, increased heart ratelate morning trying to focus on one task, but keep gettingdistractedafternoon feel like I haven't actually accomplished anything today-hard to focus on finishing any one task evening-worn out, but mindstill busy11:59pm still awake; brain won't shut offDay 3 7am tired; had trouble sleeping 9am-wired, shaky, racing heart10 am irritable, upset stomach, still shaky, unable to focus on the taskat hand. I feel awful.afternoon grouchy, tenseevening stomach feeling better, but still feel wired.11:59 pm I can't get comfortable and my mind is still racing. This isgoing to be a long night!Person CFemale, 18 years old, semi-active lifestyleRarely drinks coffee, but drinks cola (50 mg caffeine) at leastonce a day.Day 1 I felt pretty normal all day.Day 2Shortly after the dose, I felt an increase in heart rate. I had aproductive day of studying great focus! Stayed up a bit later thannormal.Day 3 After the dose my heart was racing and I felt a bit shaky. Not suchgood focus today; my mind was all over the place. By the evening Iwas less shaky, but my mind was still busy and I was up late again.

Number of people included in the study = 3 Experiment is conducted for 3 days Caffeine dose: 100…

Caffeine is a stimulant found in coffee, tea, soft drinks and other drinks and foods. After consumption, caffeine is absorbed into the blood stream and carried throughout the body and to the brain. In moderate amounts (~300 mg per day) it causes increased attentiveness, it reduces feelings of fatigue, and it enables most people to think clearly and concentrate for longer periods. Caffeine also increases heart rate and rate of respiration. In large quantities (>600 mg per day) its effects are magnified. People sometimes feel irritable, distracted and tense. People often use caffeine to increase mental alertness. Some people are more sensitive than others to the effects of caffeine. People who consume caffeine regularly may build up a tolerance to its effects. Further, since caffeine is mildly addictive, people who regularly consume caffeine may experience some withdrawal effects if they stop consumption. The Study In this study, three people each consumed varying levels of caffeine and recorded how they were feeling on a daily basis. Caffeine was administered at 8 am on day 1, day 2, day 3. Subjects didn’t know how much caffeine (or if any) they were consuming each day. Day 1 – Caffeine dose: 100 mg Day 2 – Caffeine dose: 300 mg Day 3 – Caffeine dose 600 mg Subjects were asked not to consume any caffeine outside the administered dose for the three days of the study. Answer these 4 questions 4. How could you improve this experiment in order to collect better data? 5. What are the ethical concerns with an experiment such as this and how could these be addressed? 6. What are the limitations of this experiment (eg. sample size)? How could these be addressed? 7. How does this experiment impact your decision making? 8. Pose at least one question you still have about the effects of caffeine on the human body.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

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Caffeine is a stimulant found in coffee, tea, soft drinks and other drinks and foods. After consumption, caffeine is absorbed into the blood stream and carried throughout the body and to the brain. In moderate amounts (~300 mg per day) it causes increased attentiveness, it reduces feelings of fatigue, and it enables most people to think clearly and concentrate for longer periods. Caffeine also increases heart rate and rate of respiration. In large quantities (>600 mg per day) its effects are magnified. People sometimes feel irritable, distracted and tense. People often use caffeine to increase mental alertness. Some people are more sensitive than others to the effects of caffeine. People who consume caffeine regularly may build up a tolerance to its effects. Further, since caffeine is mildly addictive, people who regularly consume caffeine may experience some withdrawal effects if they stop consumption. The Study In this study, three people each consumed varying levels of caffeine and recorded how they were feeling on a daily basis. Caffeine was administered at 8 am on day 1, day 2, day 3. Subjects didn’t know how much caffeine (or if any) they were consuming each day. Day 1 – Caffeine dose: 100 mg Day 2 – Caffeine dose: 300 mg Day 3 – Caffeine dose 600 mg Subjects were asked not to consume any caffeine outside the administered dose for the three days of the study. Answer these 4 questions 4. How could you improve this experiment in order to collect better data? 5. What are the ethical concerns with an experiment such as this and how could these be addressed? 6. What are the limitations of this experiment (eg. sample size)? How could these be addressed? 7. How does this experiment impact your decision making? 8. Pose at least one question you still have about the effects of caffeine on the human body.

0
Person A
Male, 24 years old, semi-active lifestyle
Usually drinks 3-4 cups of coffee (250-350 mg caffeine) per day
Day 1 I felt pretty normal first thing this morning, but by the time I got to work I
could feel a headache coming on. The headache got worse throughout the
morning. I felt groggy all morning. It was very difficult to focus on my
work. I was tired and unmotivated.
By the end of the day my headache was down to a dull pain and I was
exhausted.
Day 2 Had a pretty good sleep last night, except for that lingering headache. The
headache was still persisting first thing this morning, but went away by
about 9:00 am. I felt normal today-an average amount of energy and a
normal level of concentration at work.
Day 3 I had a good sleep last night. Thank goodness that awful headache went
away! I woke up feeling rested. Around mid- morning my heart rate felt
a bit fast, but it leveled out after not too long. I felt alert at work: maybe
a bit too alert. I had several.
Person B
Male, 38 years old, very active
lifestyle Usually avoids caffeine
Day 19 am-increase in heart rate morning-
attentive to tasks at work afternoon-still
attentive to tasks at work
evening went to the gym and had a great workout! 11 pm
-still awake, should be sleeping by now
Day 2 7 am a bit tired; should have gone to bed earlier 9 am
hyper, increased heart rate
late morning trying to focus on one task, but keep getting
distracted
afternoon feel like I haven't actually accomplished anything today-
hard to focus on finishing any one task evening-worn out, but mind
still busy
11:59pm still awake; brain won't shut off
Day 3 7am tired; had trouble sleeping 9
am-wired, shaky, racing heart
10 am irritable, upset stomach, still shaky, unable to focus on the task
at hand. I feel awful.
afternoon grouchy, tense
evening stomach feeling better, but still feel wired.
11:59 pm I can't get comfortable and my mind is still racing. This is
going to be a long night!
Person C
Female, 18 years old, semi-active lifestyle
Rarely drinks coffee, but drinks cola (50 mg caffeine) at least
once a day.
Day 1 I felt pretty normal all day.
Day 2
Shortly after the dose, I felt an increase in heart rate. I had a
productive day of studying great focus! Stayed up a bit later than
normal.
Day 3 After the dose my heart was racing and I felt a bit shaky. Not such
good focus today; my mind was all over the place. By the evening I
was less shaky, but my mind was still busy and I was up late again.

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