Cytoplasmic extracts from sensitive flies, when injected to resistant strains, can cause the latter to develop sensitivity to carbon dioxide. Provide an explanation for this observation.
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- Malaria disease is characterized by cycles of symptoms that last 4-8 hours and have 3 stages; a 15-to-60 minute cold stage when you shiver and feel very cold, a 2-6 hour hot stage when your fever may reach as high as 41oC and finally, a 2-4 hour sweating stage during which your fever drops rapidly. These cycles are called paroxysms. Explain why they typically happen in malaria patients based on the pathogen life cycleIt was important for Lilly to understand how the bacteria were able to cause disease in patients. The mechanism of pathogenesis by M. tuberculosis starts in the lung alveoli. The cell wall of M. tuberculosis allows it to resist phagocytolysis by the alveolar macrophages, where they can multiply. They can then induce apoptosis in macrophages, which die, and the bacteria is free to infect other macrophages. As the cycle of infection slowly progresses, the body's response to the infection is to try to wall off the bacteria in granulomas (wall of immune cells, both dead and alive, surrounding the bacteria to restrict its spread). Eventually, the bacteria can escape the granuloma and infect other parts of the lung. Transmission of Mtb Initial infection and Granuloma cavitation replication of Mtb in macrophages and dissemination of Mtb in the lung Infected macrophages Caseating granuloma Recruitment of Innate and adaptive immune cells Infected cells undergo necrosis resulting in the…It was important for Lilly to understand how the bacteria were able to cause disease in patients. The mechanism of pathogenesis by M. tuberculosis starts in the lung alveoli. The cell wall of M. tuberculosis allows it to resist phagocytolysis by the alveolar macrophages, where they can multiply. They can then induce apoptosis in macrophages, which die, and the bacteria is free to infect other macrophages. As the cycle of infection slowly progresses, the body's response to the infection is to try to wall off the bacteria in granulomas (wall of immune cells, both dead and alive, surrounding the bacteria to restrict its spread). Eventually, the bacteria can escape the granuloma and infect other parts of the lung. Transmission of Mtb Initial infection and Granuloma cavitationy replication of Mtb in macrophages and dissemination of Mtb in the lung Infected macrophages Caseating granuloma Recruitment of Innate and adaptive immune cells Infected cells undergo necrosis resulting in the…
- One of the early results shows that the post-centrifugation pellet of encapsulated cells also contains EA1 and/or Sap. Why is this not proof that Bacillus anthracis cells have both an S-layer and a capsule simultaneously? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/The information is on the second picture and the questions are on the first which are : 3) What is the normal ( non - allergenic) function of a algae antibody and how does it accomplish this? 4) What is the non-normal ( allergenic ) function of an lgE antibody and how does it accomplish this? 5) How does the release of histamine lead to allergic symptoms ?propose a hypothesis regarding the organism (escherichia, staphylococcus, pseudomonas, bacillus) that will demonstrate greater resistance to UV and why? if the hypothesis is supported, what specific experimental results will be observed? and what serves as the control treatment?
- Please answer the one question below, thanks In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffered a career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterial infection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in 2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contact or by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death. In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant to many antibiotics. For example, β-lactamβ-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However, MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encoded by the mecA gene. β-lactamβ-lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a, and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their…In a lysogenic pathway, antisense Cro is made. Explain why this renders Cro to be inactive?In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffereda career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterialinfection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contactor by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death.In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant tomany antibiotics. For example, b -lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin,function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-bindingproteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However,MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encodedby the mecA gene. b -lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a,and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their presence. Moreover,in a system somewhat analogous to the regulation of the…
- In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffereda career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterialinfection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contactor by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death.In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant tomany antibiotics. For example, b -lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin,function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-bindingproteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However,MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encodedby the mecA gene. b -lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a,and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their presence. Moreover,in a system somewhat analogous to the regulation of the…In 2013, there was an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) at an NFL training facility. One player suffereda career-ending infection to his foot and sued the team owners for $20 million for unsanitary conditions that contributed to the bacterialinfection. A settlement with undisclosed terms was reached in2017. MRSA is highly contagious and is spread by direct skin contactor by airborne transmission and can result in amputation or death.In addition, MRSA is very difficult to treat because it is resistant tomany antibiotics. For example, b -lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin,function by binding to and inactivating bacterial penicillin-bindingproteins (PBPs), which synthesize the bacterial cell wall. However,MRSA expresses an alternative type of PBP, called PBP2a encodedby the mecA gene. b -lactam antibiotics only weakly bind PBP2a,and thus cell wall synthesis can continue in their presence. Moreover,in a system somewhat analogous to the regulation of the…A 9 year old boy with cystic fibrosis – a genetic disease that causes a number of problems, including the build-up of thick sticky mucus in the lungs- complained of increasing fatigue, shortness of breath and worsening cough. When his mother took him to the doctor, she mentioned that his cough was a blue green color. His doctor immediately suspected a lung infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa a common complication of cystic fibrosis. A sputum was collected and sent to the clinical laboratory. In the Clinical laboratory, the sample was plated onto Mac Conkey agar and blood gar and incubated. Mucoid colonies surrounded by bluish green color grew on both types of agar media. The colonies on Mac Conkey had no pink coloration, so the medical technologist concluded that the cells did not ferment lactose. She noted that the blue green color on the agar plates and in the sputum, knowing that P.aeruginosa makes several pigmented compounds that give rise to colors ranging from yellow to blue. One…