FIGURE 16.9 Avoiding Destruction by Phagocytes Prevent encounters with phagocytes . Сба рерtidase • Membrane-damaging toxins C5a Microbes Avoid recognition and attachment • Capsules • M protein • Fc receptors C3b Phagocyte Lysosomes Pseudopod- * C3b - Phagosome - Phagolysosome СзЬ гесеptors on phagocyte- ADigestive enzymes Survive within phagocytes • Escape from the phagosome • Prevent phagosome- lysosome fusion • Šurvive within the phagolysosome

Q: For the following questions, specify which immunoglobulin is being described, according to the…

A: 33. IgM is produced early in infection with high avidity. So option d) IgM is the correct answer.

Q: Encapsulated organisms can be phagocytized once antibodies against the capsule have been produced.…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that have an undefined nucleus and nuclear membrane. Most of the…

Q: Why are protease inhibitors an effective treatment forhuman AIDS?

A: HIV is a member of retrovirus family that is closely related to SIV (Simian Immunodeficiency virus)…

Q: What types of compounds in bacterial cells can serve as antigens?

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, they are present in various shapes in nature like rod-shaped,…

Q: Bacteria are equipped with mechanisms that are capable of counteracting host defenses. Please choose…

A: Bacteria are single-celled microscopic organisms that can survive in a diverse environment. They are…

Q: B

A: Antibody binding of antigens represents a critical part of the adaptive immune system’s ability to…

Q: Use the following choices for the next set of questions. A choice may be used zero or more times:…

A: In molecular biology, CD4 is a glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor.…

Q: Consider the photos here which demonstrate antibiotic sensitivities of Staphylococcus aureus strains…

A: Antibiotics are medications that are used to treat infections caused by microorganisms such as…

Q: neither

A:

Q: What could the overuse of anti-bacterial agents lead to?

A: Bacteria is unicellular prokaryotic organisms containing primitive nucleus that can survive under…

Q: List three virulence factors and explain their role in establishing a disease. What is the…

A: Answers

Q: Describe two mechanisms by which antibacterial drugs acton microorganisms.

A: Antibacterial drugs are synthesized de novo and inhibit the growth of bacteria.as there are many…

Q: What is the importance of lysogenic conversion in bacterial pathogenesis?

A: During the lysogenic cycle, the DNA of a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) is integrated…

Q: A positive tuberculin test shows cellular immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. How could a person…

A: 1. Previous TB infection:  - When an individual is infected with M. tuberculosis, the bacteria are…

Q: Suppose a patient is suffered by fever with inflammation.  What will be the biomarkers to detect…

A: Inflammation It is a local defensive mechanism to the tissue damage to limit the spread of injurious…

Q: Why is influenza such a common respiratory disease?How are influenza vaccines chosen?

A: Influenza is a common viral infection that is caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose,…

Q: A patient has their spleen removed due to an accident.  How will this affect the immune response?

A: The ability to overcome pathogens and other harmful substances is known as immunity. Immunity…

Q: Recent evidence points towards a global increase in cases of multi drug and total drug resistant…

A: Mycobacterium: Mycobacterium is a genus of aerobic, acid-fast, gram-positive bacteria. There are…

Q: Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysins are cell membrane…

A: Toxins refer to poisonous substances that include a class of small molecules and proteins, which are…

Q: Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause…

A: To find: What do Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin cause damage to?

Q: We have many antimicrobial drugs to treat bacterial infections, but very few for viruses.  Why is it…

A: Viruses pose sizable demanding situations to the body's immune device as they lurk inside cells,…

Q: Patients who have recently had a bone marrow transplant are extremely susceptible to infection. Why…

A: In the spongy or cancellous regions of bones, bone marrow can be found. It is a semi-solid tissue.…

Q: Why is C-reactive protein used as an index disease serverity in Kawasaki patients

A: C-reactive protein is an annular pentameric protein which found in blood plasma.Increase in level of…

Q: name two antimicrobials and explain whether the organism was susceptible, intermediate, or…

A: We know, the Antibiotic prevent or stops the growth of microorganisms. Information on the minimum…

Q: How does Mycobacterium ulcerans evade the immune system?

A: Introduction:- Mycobacterium TB complex, which causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and…

Q: What are two reasons microbes will produce toxins?

A: Introduction :- Toxins produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungus, protozoa,…

Q: Name the five mechanisms of action we utilize to fight microorganisms and list one antibacterial…

A: Antibacterial drugs are defined as chemicals or chemical substance obtained from a biological source…

Q: What is lysogenic conversion?

A: The virus affecting bacteria is a bacteriophage. It comprises the lytic or the lysogenic cycle.

Q: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is more commonly seen in hospital-acquired infections with…

A: Bacteria acquire drug resistance and spread within their population. Drug resistance in bacteria…

Q: List and explain four distinct mechanisms of innate immune responses for eliminating Gram (-)…

A: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens, including bacteria. It is a…