How is host cell lysis triggered after bacteriophage invasion? What are the outcomes to bacterial host physiology if the bacteriophage undergoes the lysogenic cycle

Q: Describe two mechanisms that bacteria use to invade via mucous membranes.

A: The membrane that lines the several body cavities is called the mucosal membrane. This membrane…

Q: What method is used by bacteriophages to release from the infected host cell? O 1) budding O 2)…

A: Answer is option 4.)lysis.

Q: What are the steps in a lysogenic infection?

A: The lysogenic cycle is the process through which a virus replicated its DNA by using a host cell.…

Q: What stimulates the switch to the lytic pathway?

A: The bacteria that get infected by the viruses are known as bacteriophages. The virus inside the…

Q: What causes Chlorella variabilis to be inaccessible to its host or has a narrow range of hosts?…

A: Chlorella variabilis is an algae belonging to class Trebouxiophyceae. This microalgae can be found…

Q: How does the lysogenic pathway differ from the lytic pathway?

A: So, basically lysogenic and lytic pathways are types of viral multiplication. Out of both lysogenic…

Q: What is the oxygen requirement of Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)?

A: Introduction  One of the nine known herpes viruses that infect people is human alphaherpesvirus 3,…

Q: What could the overuse of anti-bacterial agents lead to?

A: Bacteria is unicellular prokaryotic organisms containing primitive nucleus that can survive under…

Q: Define the lysogenic cycle ?

A: Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two methods of viral reproduction. Lysogeny is…

Q: What is the importance of lysogenic conversion in bacterial pathogenesis?

A: During the lysogenic cycle, the DNA of a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) is integrated…

Q: why is peptidoglycan synthesis inportant in antibiotic activity? why do antibiotics not interfere…

A: Answer: PEPTIDOGLYCAN : It is a polymer which is made up of sugars and amino acids thats forms the…

Q: How do streptokinase and coagulase promote bacterialinfection and invasion?

A: A bacterial infection is a proliferation of a dangerous bacterial strain inside or on the body.…

Q: What is difference between lytic and lysogenic cycles?

A:

Q: Why do patients with XLA tend to contract infections associated withbacteria, more than viral…

A: Microorganisms or microbes are creatures that are only visible under the microscope. Various…

Q: How does the E. coli strain 026:H11 damage its victims?

A: The enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) serotype O26 is the second most common enterohaemorrhagic E.…

Q: Why are gram-positive bacteria typically more resistant than gram-negative bacteria to…

A: Bacteria are found everywhere. They can survive almost every where including bottom of oceans, our…

Q: How can a protein, which cannot replicate itself, be a transmissible pathogen?

A: A pathogen is an organic entity that causes infection. Your body is normally brimming with…

Q: Describe the four steps in a lytic phage infection.

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: What is the difference between Lytic life cycle and Lysogenic life cycle?

A: Multiplication in viruses occurs through two methods. These are the lytic and lysogenic cycles.

Q: Explain how modified secretory pathways in bacteria can lead to increased virulence and…

A: Pathogenic bacteria use a number of methods to attack host cells. It can severely damage host tissue…

Q: What is the germ theory of disease? why it is essential to the treatment of infectious diseases?

A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. The microorganisms…

Q: How does Mycobacterium ulcerans evade the immune system?

A: Introduction:- Mycobacterium TB complex, which causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae and…

Q: What part of the host cell is degraded after phage nucleic acid has entered a host cell?

A: Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasite. They always hijack the host cell machinery and they…

Q: To what extent are common host-cell biological pathways and molecules hijacked by diverse microbes?

A: Several pathogenic microbes enter the host cell and modulate its cellular machinery for personal…

Q: How can the outcome of an SV40 viral infection differ inpermissive versus nonpermissive hosts?

A: Virus is a microorganism that is smaller when compared to a bacterium. They lack the ability to…

Q: Define Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA transfer?

A: The transfer of genetic material to a plant cell can be done in two methods includes, viral-vector…

Q: What is the difference between the lytic pathway and the lysogenic pathway?

A: Lytic and Lysogenic cycles are the method of viral multiplication.

Q: Briefly describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages.In your answer, explain what a…

A: A phage is composed of nucleic acid and protein capsid. A protein sheat is consists of a hollow tube…

Q: How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis gain access through that preferred portal of entry Explain how…

A: Microbes, which are tiny and nearly invisible, have had a huge influence on society since the…

Q: Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes…

A: Streptococcus pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis…

Q: Which environments do Epsilonproteobacteria typicallyinhabit? What role do they play in these…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that have an undefined nucleus and nuclear membrane. Most of the…

Q: What is the normal bacterial flora? What is its role in defense?

A: Introduction :- A population of bacteria that lives on or in the body and has a special ecological…

Q: With some level of toxic shock syndrome caused by the superantigen produced by Staphylococcus…

A: Staphylococcus aureus - It is round shaped, gram positive bacteria, member of Firmicutes, generally…

Q: What part of the connexin molecule encodes functional specificity and how do these specificities…

A: Cells together form tissue to perform specific functions. Although these cells are nearby , they…

Q: What conditions compromise host defenses against microorganisms?

A: The term "human microbiome" refers to the complex biological system of microbes that resides in and…

Q: What is opsonization, and how does opsonization help fightbacterial infection?

A: Antibodies bind with antigen via non-covalent bonds like hydrogen bonds, van der waals interactions.…

Q: Which bacteria produce β-lactamase enzyme which is resistant to penicillin and why?

A: Prokaryotes are the primitive organisms that were the first to develop and harness life on Earth.…

Q: In antibiotics, define the terms bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal.  What are the mechanism of action…

A: Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are enzymes that help bacteria develop their cell walls. It is…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.