How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis gain access through that preferred portal of entry Explain how the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to evade innate human host defenses that prevent this from occurring. discuss specific components of your pathogen. (Examples may include capsules, cell wall components, exoenzymes, antigenic variation and penetration of the host cell cytoskeleton.)

How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis gain access through that preferred portal of entry Explain how the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to evade innate human host defenses that prevent this from occurring. discuss specific components of your pathogen. (Examples may include capsules, cell wall components, exoenzymes, antigenic variation and penetration of the host cell cytoskeleton.)

Intro To Health Care

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337338295

Author:Mitchell

Publisher:Mitchell

Chapter10: Infection Control

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4RQ

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Complement proteins function in defense by _______. a. neutralizing toxins b. enhancing resident bacteria c. promoting inflammation d. forming pores that cause pathogens to disintegrate e. both a and b f. both c and d
The Complement System Kills Microorganisms The complement system supplements the inflammatory response by directly killing microorganisms. Describe the life cycle of complement proteins, from their synthesis in the liver to their activity at the site of an infection.
Consumer products including bandages, cotton balls, diapers, and contact lens solutions are routinely irradiated. There is no opposition to these products in the marketplace. Given this, why are irradiated foods not more accepted when they can prevent illness from E. coli and other pathogens?
There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. What measures have been taken to stop BSE?
There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.